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Biol 104 Ch 3

Biochemistry

TermDefinition
Isomers organic molecules that happen to have the same numbers and types of atoms but different structures, hence different properties
Carboxylic acid or organic acid contains a carbon with a double bond O also bonded to an 0H.
Amine A functional group that consists of a nitrogen and two hydrogens
Enzymes (catalysts) specialized proteins that can speed up chemical reactions
Dehydration reaction a general term for a chemical reaction where a water molecule is given off when smaller units bond together
Hydrolysis a reaction where bonds are broken to disassemble a polymer by the addition of water
Glycosidic linkage the specific name for the covalent bond between two monosaccharides formed by the removal of water.
Starch a plant polymer for sugar storage
Glycogen human sugar storage in the liver in muscle cells
Cellulose the polysaccharide structural component of plant cell walls
Chitin a structural polysaccharide found in insect exoskeletons
Ester linkage the specific type of bond joining together the building blocks of a fat
Saturated a type of fat with all single bonds
Unsaturated a type of fat with at least one double or triple bond
Fatty acid three of these combined with one glycerol to form one unit of a lipid
Phospholipid the major component of cell membranes
Cholesterol a steroid that is important because it is the precursor of many hormones.
Amino acids the building blocks of proteins
Peptide bond The specific type of bond formed when amino acids become linked together by dehydration
Primary structure the level of protein structure that results from the sequence of amino acids
Secondary structure the level of structure of proteins that is a result of hydrogen bonding
Tertiary structure the level of protein structure that is a result of interactions between side chains or "R groups."
Quaternary structure the level of protein structure found only in large proteins like collagen and hemoglobin.
Denaturation a process that makes a protein inactive by changing its shape
Nucleic acids the building blocks of DNA and RNA
Deoxyribose the sugar in DNA
Ribose the sugar in RNA
Double helix the two strand, antiparallel structure of DNA
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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