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Bio Vocab HW #1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adaptation | a trait that increases the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce compared to individuals without the trait |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element |
| autotroph | “self-feeder”; normally, a photosynthetic organism; a producer |
| binomial system | a system biologists use for naming species where each type of organism is assigned a scientific name that consists of two parts it’s genus and species |
| biodiversity | the total number of species within an ecosystem and the resulting complexity of interactions among them |
| cell | the smallest unit of life, consisting at a minimum of an outer membrane that encloses a watery medium containing organic molecules, including genetic material composed of DNA |
| cell theory | states that the cell is the basic unit of life and that all living things are made up of one or more cells |
| chromosomes | A threadlike structure that has nucleic acids and protein, which is found at the center of most living cells |
| community | all the interacting populations within an ecosystem |
| conclusion | A small writing explaining whether or not the hypothesis before your experiment was right or wrong |
| control | An experiment in which all variables being tested are constant |
| cytoplasm | the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus |
| deductive reasoning | the process of generating hypotheses about how a specific experiment or observation will turn out |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | Contained inside the chromosomes the DNA is a cell’s genetic blueprint or in other words a guide to the construction and the operation of the body of an organism |
| domain | The categories in which organisms are classified. These categories are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya |
| element | pure chemical substances consisting of only one type of atom with a defined set of physical and chemical properties |
| energy | This (the capacity to do work) has to be used by organisms to sustain life or do work such as carrying out chemical reactions or photosynthesis. Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another |
| eukaryotic | This means true cells in greek because these cells have a nucleus unlike prokaryotic cells which do not and it has a membrane bound nucleus |
| evolution | The theory of evolution states that modern organisms descended from pre-existing life forms |
| experiment | The way to test your hypothesis in a carefully controlled environment |
| genes | A unit of heredity that provides the information needed to control the life of the cell |
| heterotroph | Organisms that cannot photosynthesize making them acquire energy prepackaged in the bodies of other organisms |
| homeostasis | Keeping the conditions inside an organism's body fairly constant. |
| hypothesis | A supposition based on previous observations that is offered as an answer to a question and a natural explanation for an observed phenomeno |
| inductive reasoning | The process of creating a generalization as a result of making observations that support the scientific theory, and none that contradict it |
| kingdom | A subdivision of Eukarya which includes Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia |
| molecule | An assembly of different atoms to form a new substance that is not an element |
| multicellular | An organism that has more than one cell |
| mutation | A mistake in the copying of DNA which occurs in every billion bits of information copied |
| natural casualty | A principle that says all events can be traced to natural causes that are potentially within our ability to comprehend |
| natural selection | the unequal survival and reproduction of organisms due to environmental forces, resulting in the preservation of favorable adaptations. Usually, natural selection refers specifically to differential survival and reproduction on the basis of genetic differ |
| nucleus | the central region of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons (atomic definition). The membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells that contains the cells’ genetic material (cellular definition) |
| nutrient | a substance acquired from the environment and needed for the survival, growth, and development of an organism |
| observation | in the scientific method, the noting of a specific phenomenon, leading to the formulation of a hypothesis |
| organ | a structure (such as the liver, kidney, or skin), composed of 2 or more distinct tissue types that function together |
| organelle | a structure, found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that performs a specific function; sometimes refers specifically to membrane-bound structures, such as the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum |
| organic molecule | describing a molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen |
| organism | an individual living thing |
| organ system | two or more organs that work together to perform a specific function; for example, the digestive system |
| photosynthesis | the complete series of chemical reactions in which the energy of light is used to synthesize high-energy organic molecules, usually carbohydrates, from low energy inorganic molecules, normally carbon dioxide and water |
| plasma membrane | The outer membrane of a cell, composed of a bilayer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded |
| population | all the members of a particular species within an ecosystem, found in the same time and place and actually or potentially interbreeding |
| prediction | A statement about what will happen in the future; what you expect to happen |
| prokaryotic | referring to cells of the domains Bacteria or Archaea. Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus; they also lack other membrane-bound organelles |
| question | A sentence worded to ask somebody something they don’t know themselves |
| scientific method | A rigorous procedure for making observations of specific phenomena and searching for the order underlying those phenomena |
| scientific theory | a general explanation of natural phenomena developed through extensive and reproducible observations; more general and reliable than a hypothesis |
| species | The basic unit of taxonomic classification, consisting of a population or series of populations of closely related species and similar organisms. In sexually reproducing organisms, a species can be defined as a population or series of populations of organ |
| tissue | a group of (normally similar) cells that together carry out a specific function; for example, muscle; may include extracellular material produced made by its cells |
| unicellular | single-celled; most members of the domains and Archaea and the kingdom Protista are unicellular |
| variable | A factor in a scientific experiment that is deliberately manipulated in order to test a hypothesis |
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sadiefeingold
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