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MTTC - Elementary Ed
Life Sciences
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| branches of science that study living things | Life Sciences |
| the study of life, how living things survive and change; the foundation of life sciences | Biology |
| the study of animals | Zoology |
| the study of organisms living in the oceans | Marine Biology |
| the study of insects | Entomology |
| the study of plants; how they grow, reproduce, even deal with diseases | Botany |
| the study of microscopic organisms | Microbiology |
| The 2 types of Reproduction | 1. Sexual 2. Asexual |
| converting sunlight into chemical energy | photosynthesis |
| "self-feeders" | autotrophs |
| "other-feeders" | heterotrophs |
| ________________________ changes in the environment trigger certain responses in organisms | Responding to environmental stimuli |
| regulation of an organism's internal environment | homeostasis |
| scientifically supported theory that all living things are descendants of their ancestors considered to be Biology's "core theme" | evolution |
| With Evolution, it's important to note that individuals do not adapt to their _____________ within their lifetimes. | environment |
| method of organizing different species of life on Earth ranked; hierarchal | Taxonomic Classification |
| In Taxonomic Classification, different species are identified by ______________. | binomial nomenclature |
| ________________ uses the last 2 taxonomic levels (genus and species) to identify the organism. | binomial nomenclature |
| Linnaeus' taxonomic classification list (aka the 7 Taxons) | 1. kingdom 2. phylum 3. class 4. order 5. family 6. genus 7. species |
| New Order of Taxons | 1. domain 2. kingdom 3. phylum 4. class 5. order 6. family 7. genus 8. species |
| The 3 Main Domains | 1. Archaea 2. Bacteria 3. Eukarya |
| prokaryotes; do not have a nucleus/membrane-bound organelles some of the oldest organisms on Earth live in some of the most extreme environments on Earth | archaea |
| also considered prokaryotes (but evolved later in evolutionary time) includes E. Coli and others that can cause disease | bacteria |
| all eukaryotic organisms/ cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) | eukarya |
| the level underneath domain; each domain includes at least one of this level | kingdom |
| Eukarya has 4 kingdoms | 1. plantae 2. animalia 3. fungi 4. protista |
| Plants use ___________ to make sugar and oxygen. | solar energy |
| ATP stands for | adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP synthesis | cellular respiration |
| when energy is required by the reaction | endergonic reaction |
| when energy is released as a result of the reaction | exergonic reaction |
| The Stages of Life Cycles (these stages are usually marked by morphological changes and changes in an organisms routine/behavior) | 1. egg/seed 2. juvenile 3. adult |
| Mammalian Life Cycle | 1. fertilized egg/pre-birth & embryonic state 2. infant stage 3. adolescent stage 4. adult stage |
| Human Life Cycle | 1. fertilized egg (0-9mths in utero) 2. infancy (0-3yrs) 3. childhood (3-10yrs) 4. adolescence (10-19yrs) 5. adult (20yrs and up) |
| complete metamorphosis egg -> larvae -> pupae -> adult | holometabolis metamorphosis |
| incomplete metamorphosis egg -> nymph -> adult | hemimetabolis metamorphosis |
| Fish Life Cycle | 1. egg 2. larva 3. fry (recently hatched fish who have fully absorbed its yolk sack) |
| deoxyribonucleic acid determines ALL traits | DNA |
| short pieces of DNA that determine a specific trait (i.e. eye color, hair, etc..) | genes |
| a special cell produced from each parent has only one copy of each gene 2 of these cells combine to forma new cell that contains a random mix of the genes from both mom and dad | gametes |
| tool used to determine which traits will be expressed in the offspring | Punnett Square |
| the type of trait that will be expressed even when there's just one copy of it | dominant traits |
| the type of trait that will on be expressed if there are 2 copies of it | recessive traits |
| the variation of alleles and genes, both within and among populations | genetic variation |
| different forms of the same gene | alleles |
| a change in DNA; not common; usually harmful to a population | mutation |
| the movement of genetic info between different populations increases genetic variation; introducing new alleles=increases amount of diversity | gene flow |
| creates new gene combinations | sexual reproduction |
| phrase used when DNA strands are exchanged (during sexual reproduction) | "crossing over" |
| a phenotype that improves the fitness of an individual will improve its viability/reproductive success relative to other individuals in the population | evolutionary fitness |
| develop from a common ancestral origin, but may have diverged in appearance and function over time | homologous structures |
| similar in function/appearance, but evolved separately | analogous structures |
| occurs when selective pressure results in the independent evolution of similar traits in 2 or more different organisms | convergent evolution |
| the study of genetic variation within a population | population genetics |
| the idea (from Jean-Baptiste Lamarck) that characteristics of an organism is acquired during its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring | Heritability of Acquired Characteristics |
| Heritability of Acquired Characteristics is also known as: | Lamarkian inheritance |
| the agent that determines a differential rate of reproduction | natural selection |
| says that populations (rather than individuals) evolved possible because of genetic variation exists within populations; reproduction in a population goes at different rates | Darwinian Evolution |
| says that evolution occurred through the selective pressure for a pre-existing trait in a population | Darwinism |
| suggests that the need for a new trait would promote the evolution of that trait (was disproved by August Weismann) | Lamarckism |
| Lamarckism was disproved by this person; they repeatedly cut off the tails of mice over several generations & found that the tails in subsequent generations neither disappeared nor grew shorter | August Weismann |
| living things that affect the life of other living organisms | biotic factors |
| nonliving things that affect the life of other living organisms | abiotic factors |
| a community of living things and their surrounding nonliving components | ecosystem |
| factors that limit the presence and the growth of a population within an ecosystem | living factors |
| organisms that produce their own food | autotrophs |
| organisms that cannot produce their own food and must obtain it elsewhere (i.e humans and salad) | heterotrophs |
| type of interaction where members of the same species compete for resources (i.e. space, mates, etc.) | intraspecific interactions |
| type of interaction where organisms of different species compete for resources | competition |
| type of interaction where one species preys on another species | predation |
| type of interaction where one species only eats plants | herbivory |
| type of interaction where there is a very close ecological association between species | symbiosis |
| 3 types of symbiosis | 1. mutualism 2. commensalism 3. parasitism |
| where both organisms benefit ex: bees and pollen | mutualism |
| where one organism benefits while the other gets nothing ex: barnacles and whales | commensalism |
| where one organism benefits while the other is harmed ex: mosquitos and humans | parasitism |
Created by:
jmeeker
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