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Ch.4/5 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most organic compounds contain carbon and _____. | Hydrogen |
| The number of bonds an atom can form generally depends on ________. | its electron configuration |
| L-dopa is used to treat _____. | Parkinson’s Disease |
| What kind of effect does R-dopa have on Parkinson's disease? | None. |
| What are structural isomers ? | The two molecules differ in the covalent bond relationships among their atoms |
| What are Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers)? | These molecules differ in how their atoms are arranged about a double bond. |
| Enantiomers are molecules that _____. | Are mirror images |
| Cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) are molecules that _____. | Differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond |
| The large diversity of shapes of biological molecules is possible because of the extensive presence of _____ in the molecule | Carbon |
| Which of the following is a hydrocarbon? | C3H8 |
| Molecules that have the same chemical formula (same numbers of each atom) but different three-dimensional shapes are called _____. | isomers |
| Which of the following best describes cis-trans isomers? | They differ in their spatial arrangement around inflexible double bonds. |
| Why is carbon so important in biology? | It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. |
| Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? | The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. |
| Citric acid makes lemons taste sour. Which of the following is a functional group that would cause a molecule such as citric acid to be acidic? | Carboxyl |
| Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP? | Adenosine |
| Which of the functional groups shown above is most likely to gain a proton and become positively charged? | The amino group is most likely to gain a proton. |
| Which statement about isomers is correct? | Enantiomers differ in biological activity. |
| Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton? | C2H4 |
| What functional group is commonly used in cells to transfer energy from one organic molecule to another? | Phosphate |
| Which polymers are composed of amino acids? | Proteins |
| Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid? | An oxygen |
| Which part of an amino acid is always acidic? | Carboxyl functional group |
| Which monomers make up RNA? | Nucleotides |
| Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? | A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid. |
| True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions. | True |
| Which molecule is NOT a carbohydrate? | Lipid |
| Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true? | Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms. |
| True or false? Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria | True |
| Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages? | Amylose |
| Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function? | Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls |
| Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide? | Peptidoglycan |
| Which of these is NOT a lipid? | RNA |
| Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? | Olive oil |
| A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____. | As a component of animal cell membranes |
| Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? | Ovalbumin |
| Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system. | Immune |
| Amino acids | |
| What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? | Peptide |
| The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. | Hydrogen bonds |
| Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. | Peptide bonds |
| Which of the following statements is an accurate description of proteins? | The primary structure of a protein is the order of amino acids in a polypeptide, as coded for in the DNA of a gene. |
| What could happen if a mutation in a gene caused a hydrophobic amino acid in a polypeptide to be replaced by a hydrophilic amino acid? | The new amino acid would not form the same interactions with hydrophobic R groups, and the protein's shape would likely be affected. |
| If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? | 75 |
| The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. | Hydrogen bonds |
| A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____. | Phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar |
| A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which _____. | Water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed from monomers |
| Sucrose is formed when glucose is joined to fructose by a(n) _____. | Glycosidic linkage |
| Plant cell walls consist mainly of _____. | Cellulose |
| Some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. This is called _____, and the coils or folds are held in place by _____. | Secondary structure ... hydrogen bonds |
| Which of the following categories includes all others in the list? | Carbohydrate |
| The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the α form. Which of the following could amylase break down? | Glycogen, starch, and amylopectin |
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dajk98
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