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Neoplasms or Tumours

Ross & Wilson Chapter 3: Neoplasms or Tumours

QuestionAnswer
What is a tumour/neoplasm? A mass of tissue that proliferates faster than normal and doesn't die when other cells do
Slow growth and cells well differentiated: benign or malignant? Benign
Usually encapsulated and no distant spread: benign or malignant? Benign
Rapid growth and cells poorly differentiated: benign or malignant? Malignant
Not encapsulated and spreads: benign or malignant? Malignant
How do malignant tumours spread? (metastasises) (4) - By local infiltration - Via lymph - Via blood - Via body cavities
What causes a tumour? Mutations within the cell's genetic material
How do mutations happen? Either spontaneous, exposure to a carcinogen or inherited
What is a carcinogen? A mutagenic agent. Causes malignant changes in cells by damaging their DNA
Types of carcinogen? (4) - Chemical - Ionising radiation - Oncogenic viruses - Host factors
Which oncogenic virus can cause liver cancer? Hepatitis B virus
Which oncogenic virus can cause cervical cancer? Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
How do oncogenic virus' work? Viruses enter cells and incorporate their DNA or RNA into the host cell's genetic material, which causes mutation
Which host factors can influence susceptibility to tumours? - Race - Age - Inherited factors - Diet - Smoking - Exercise levels - Body weight
What is mild dysplasia: cell differentiation? The tumour cells keep most of their normal features. Parent cells can usually be identified
What is anaplasia: cell differentiation? The tumour cells have lost most of their normal features. Parent cells cannot be identified
In TMN what does T stand for? Tumour size
In TMN what does M identify? Identifies metastatic sites
In TMN what does N indicate? Affected regional lymph nodes
Common metastatic sites for primary bronchi tumour? Adrenal glands, brain
Common metastatic sites for primary prostate gland tumour? Pelvic bones, vertabrae
Created by: Kris19
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