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Biochemistry

TermDefinition
Macromolecule a large molecule needed by the body to perform it's necessary processes. Examples include: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Enzyme a special type of protein. This acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy required to start reactions. Examples: lactase and amylase.
Monomer the smallest particle that a macromolecule can be broken down to. Examples: monosaccharide, nucleotide, glycerol & 3 fatty acids, amino acids.
Polymer 3 or more monomers joined together like a chain
Carbohydrate provides quick energy in the body. Examples: bread, pasta, starch, sugars like glucose.
The monomer for a carbohydrate is: monosaccharide
Lipid provides long term energy storage & is found in the cell membrane. Examples: fats & oils.
The monomer for a lipid is: glycerol & 3 fatty acids
Protein building blocks for most body structures, such as muscles, hair, nails, etc. Enzymes are a part of this. Examples: meat, eggs and beans.
The monomer for a protein is: amino acids
Nucleic Acids provides genetic material in the form of DNA & RNA.
The monomer for nucleic acids is: nucleotide
Enzymes work by: lowering the activation energy required to start a chemical reaction
Three factors that effect enzyme reactions are: temperature, pH, and concentration
Optimum The best
The elements for Carbohydrates are: C, H, O
The elements for Lipids are: C, H, O
The elements for Nucleic Acids are: C, H, O, N, P
The elements for Proteins are: C, H, O, N
Denature when an enzyme has lost it's shape due to a change in its environment
Enzymes & substrates fit together: like a lock & key
Enzyme-substrate complex when the enzyme & substrate are joined together at the active site
Active Site where an enzyme and it's matching substrate come together so they can perform their chemical reaction
Catalyst used to make a chemical reaction occur faster
Activation energy the energy required to start a chemical reaction
Product the end result of a chemical reaction; it is what is made during the reaction
Which macromolecule cannot be found on a nutrition label? Nucleic acids
Created by: DrMacKay
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