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BJU Biology Ch 7

BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 7

TermDefinition
biotechnology The use of technology to enhance living organisms and processes.
clone Any one of a group of organisms produced asexually from an individual organism; to reproduce organisms asexually.
DNA fingerprint A distinctive pattern of bands composed of fragments of an individual's DNA that is sufficiently specific to that individual to be used as a means of identification.
embryonic stem cell An undifferentiated cell, taken from an embryo that has the potential to give rise to various other cell or tissue types.
gel electrophoresis The stage of DNA fingerprinting in which DNA fragments are separated and sorted by passing an electric current through gel.
gene therapy A technique to correct a specific disease or disorder caused by a defective gene by replacing the defective gene with a properly functioning gene.
genetically modified (GM) plant A plant that has undergone genetic engineering to imporove its characteristics.
genetic engineering The manipulation of chromosomes or genese by methods other than normal reproduction.
genome The hereditary information encoded in an organism's DNA; a complete haploid set of an organism's chromosomes.
plasmid A small, circular piece of DNA; most often found in bacteria.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A technique often used in DNA fingerprinting that takes a tiny amount of DNA and quickly produces millions of copies.
recombinant DNA DNA which has had a new section of DNA that contains specific gene(s) spliced into it.
restriction enzyme An enzyme that is able to cut and separate DNA strands.
sequencing A technical process for determining the order of nucleotides in an organism's DNA.
somatic stem cell A stem cell obtained from the differentiated body tissue of adults or children.
stem cell A generalized cell that has the ability to differentiate into cells for specific functions.
transgenic Containing genes from more than one species.
Created by: marchscience
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