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BJU Biology Ch 6

BJU Biology 4th edition - Chapter 6

TermDefinition
aneuploid An organism in which the chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number.
benign Describing abnormal cellullar growth most often characterized by localized, nonaggressive growth.
cancer A disorder in which the cell is unable to control cell division.
carcinogen A cancer-causing substance.
cellular differentiation The specialization of cells that occurs during embryological development under the control of proteins.
chromosomal change A genetic change involving either the number of chromosomes or the arrangement of genes on a chromosome.
deletion A mutation involving the loss of a segment of chromosome during replication.
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) A genetic disorder caused by a trisomy of the twenty-first chromosome.
eugenics The science that deals with imporovement of the human race by applying principles of genetics.
euploidy A chromosome number that is an exact multiple of the haploid number for that organism.
frame shift A DNA mutation in which a nucleotide or nucleotides (other than three in number) are added to or taken from the chain so that subsequent codons are read incorrectly.
gene expression The activation or turning on of a gene that results in its transcription and the production of a specific protein.
gene mutation A changing of the gene itself, which alters the sequence of nucleotide bases within a gene.
gene pool The sum of all the alleles that every member of a species' population could possess at a given time.
genetic equilibrium A point at which the allele frequencies in a given population do not change.
genetic drift The genetic change due to chance, especially seen in small populations.
genetic screening Medical and nonmedical methods used to find information on an individual's genetic makeup.
germ mutation A mutation that affects the gamette-producing cells.
Hardy-Weinberg principle The concept that the frequency of alleles and the ration of heterozygous to homozygous individuals in a given population will remain constant unless the pupulation is affected by outside factors.
homeotic gene A section of the DNA molecule that regulates morphogenesis by controlling gene expression.
hybridization The crossbreeding of two genetically unrelated individuals.
inbreeding The mating of closely related organisms.
inversion A chromosomal mutation in which genes break off a section of DNA and reattach but in the opposite order.
malignant Characterized by rapid and chaotic growth; often spreads and may be fatal.
mass selection The method for selecting breeding stock in which only the desirable organisms are selected.
monosomy A condition in which there is only one of a homologous chromosome pair.
mutagen A substance that induces mutation.
mutation A random change in a DNA molecule.
nondisjuntion The failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate duing meiosis.
point mutation A gene mutation involving onlyl one or a few nucleotides.
polyploid Having three or more complete sets of chromosomes.
population All the members of the same type of living thing within an area.
somatic mutation A mutation that affects only body cells (not gametes).
translocation The transfer of a chromosome segment to a nonhomologous chromosome.
tumor An abnormal growth of cells.
variation The differences between individual organisms of the same kind; differences based on genotype; the expression of different individual characteristics in organisms of the same kind.
Created by: marchscience
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