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Mitosis

as part of 91156 Cell Biology Level 2 NCEA

TermDefinition
Anaphase spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart and pulls them to opposite ends of the cell.
Centromere The point at which sister chromatids (two halves of a replicated chromosome) are joined together.
Chromosome Structure in the nucleus of cells which is made of DNA and protein and contains genetic information.
Cell cycle A continuous process in a cells life and includes INTERPHASE, where the cell grows, carries out its function (G1), DNA replication (S), and then prepares to divide (G2) and MITOSIS.
Homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes, each having genes for the same traits located at the same places. One chromosome of each pair is inherited from from mum and one from dad.
Metaphase Spindle fibers attach to centromere of each replicated chromosome and they line up in the middle of the cell.
Mitosis The process by which 2 daughter cells are produced, each genetically identical to the parent cell, so the same cell processes continue e.g., for growth and repair/replacement.
Nucleus Structure in cell containing the genetic information which controls the activity of the cell.
sister chromatids The two (identical) halves of a replicated chromosome, joined at the centromere. Form as a result of DNA replication.
Prophase Chromosomes shorten and condense and become visible. Nuclear membrane disappears
Telophase Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes at each end of the cell. The cell splits into two identical cells
Purpose: repair To repair tissues, new cells must be made that are identical to the tissue being repaired, give example
Purpose: growth to grow existing cells can’t just get bigger, it must make new cells by mitosis. This is because cells must retain a large surface-to-volume ratio (SA:V) for the efficient transport of materials.
Purpose: Replacement When cells get old or SA:VOL decreases (replacement), the new cells must be identical to the original cells. NOTE, the rate of mitosis will be slower once growth has stopped.
Further significance of mitosis cell survival via repair/growth/replacement is key for survival of the entire organism.
Cell function mitosis is key to proper functioning of cell due to increased SA:V ratios for transport of materials: give example
Areas of high rate of mitosis areas of growth: zygote, juvenile, shoot and root tips, hair follicles, cancer cells, breaking dormancy areas of repair/replacement: bone marrow, areas of damage, digestive cells, skin cells
Rate after growth has stopped Slows once growth has stopped and mitosis is only required for repair and replacement
Created by: NZARoberts
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