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kelemenearth1-1 2010

vocabulary for Dynamic Earth Chapter 1-1

QuestionAnswer
Stress the forces that push and pull on the Earth's crust, causing its deformation
Crust the surface layer of the Earth
Deformation any change in the original shape or volume of rocks
Compression the type of stress that squeezes rocks together
Tension the type of stress that pulls rocks apart
Shearing the type of stress that pushes rocks of the crust in two opposite, horizontal directions
Fracture break or crack
Density the measurement of the amount of matter in an object
Volume the amount of space an object takes up
Mass the measure of the amount of matter in an object
hanging wall the block of rock above a fault
foot wall the block of rock below a fault
normal fault a fault caused by tension in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall
reverse fault a fault caused by compression in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall
thrust fault a fault caused by compression in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall
lateral fault a fault caused by shearing along which the blocks move horizontally past each other
strike slip fault another name for a lateral fault
fault-block mountain a mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted from normal faults
rift valley a valley formed when the block of land between two normal faults slides downward
fold a bend in rock
anticline an upward fold in rock
syncline a downward fold in rock
plateau a large area of flat land that is raised high above sea level and that consists of horizontal rock layers
dome a raised area shaped roughly like the top half of a sphere, often formed by magma pushing upward on the rock layers above it
fault a break or crack along which rocks move
Created by: ruthkelemen
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