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Intro to Bio- Unit 6

TermDefinition
Phenotype physiological/observable traits; ex: the color of a flower
Genotype genetic information that produces the characteristics; ex: production of proteins that lead to a pigmentation of a color
Homozygous gametes that produce the same allele for a gene
Heterozygous different alleles for a gene produced by gametes
Allele law of separation two alleles for each gene separate from each other when gametes form, resulting in one allele from each gene to each gamete
Gamete reproductive cells - sperm and egg
Punnett square the crossing of alleles to see what percentage will turn out with a specific phenotype
Dominant trait the phenotype is expressed with this trait, even if only one allele of the trait is present; represented in a capitol letter
Recessive trait masked by dominant trait and only expressed in a homozygous state; this is represented by a lowercase letter
Monohybrid cross crossing of a heterozygous organism for a single cell
Dihybrid cross crossing of two organisms with heterozygous for two genes
Incomplete dominance one allele is expressed over the other, instead, a third phenotype is created that is combination of both; ex: a red and white bird mate, but produce a pink bird
Codominance both phenotypes are expressed; ex: someone with type A blood and someone with type B blood reproduce and create an offspring with type AB blood
Polygenic inheritance traits that require multiple alleles for one phenotype to be expressed; ex: skin color, height, and hair texture
Human chromosomes 23 diploid chromosomes
Autosomal non-sex determining chromosomes and unaffected by the sex of an individual; humans have 22
Sex chromosome there is either X or Y; XY represents males, XX represents females
Sex-linked disorder disorders stemming from the sex chromosomes; these disorder result from the X chromosome
Nondisjunction error of separation during the anaphase of meiosis I or II of cell generation
Created by: dkoger3
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