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Intro to Bio- Unit 2

TermDefinition
Atom structure atoms connect through chemical bonds to create molecules and componds
Protons positive charge (1+ amu), inside the nucleus
Neutrons no/neutral charge, 1 amu, inside the nucleus
Electrons negative charge, no mass, outside of the nucleus
Charge of an atom # of protons = # of electrons, then atom is neutral; # of protons > or < # of electrons, then atom is charged
Covalent bond strong, between atoms in the same molecule, electrons are shared
Ionic bond semi-strong, between ions (charged atoms), electrons transfer from atom to atom
Hydrogen bond weak electrostatic attraction, between opposite partially charged areas (atoms) in different molecules
Special water properties (4) 1. water is solvent, 2. water is cohesive, 3. temperature stability, 4. its solid form is less dense than its liquid form
(1)Water as a solvent the solvent refers to the component that exists in greater quantity than the solute
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic Hydrophilic substances dissolve in water and have ionic or covalent bonds; ex: table salt (NaCl), sugars, and alcohols vs. Hydrophobic substances do not dissolve in water; ex: oils, fats, and grease
(2)Water is cohesive ability to resist interruption due to hydrogen bonds
(3)Temperature stability energy is focused on breaking down the
(4)Ice density more hydrogen bonds form as water freezes, resulting in expansion
Macromolecules any molecule that contains a C-H (carbon-hydrogen) covalent bond
Carbohydrate Store energy, structural building material; made of sugars (glucose)
Lipid long term energy storage, structural support and cushioning for some animals; made of fatty acids; ex: fats, oils, waxes, and phospholipids
Protein made of amino acids; prompts chemical reactions by accelerating the rate of the reaction within a cell (AKA enzymes); stores, replicates, transmits, and regulates DNA
DNA stores and transmits inherited genetic information and stores the information to build proteins; exists in nucleus made of nitrogenous bases (A) - adenine, (G) - guanine, (C) cytosine, (T) - thymine; hydrogen bonds between strands
RNA transmits information from DNA to build proteins; leaves nucleus single stranded, same bases as DNA except (T) is replaced with (U) - uracil
Created by: dkoger3
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