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Biology Unit 1 Learn

Biology Unit 1 Learning Statement

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus
Eukaryotes have a nucleus
Nucleus DNA surrounded by membrane (nuclear membrane)
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes both have DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm,and ribosomes
Prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles
Endosymbiont Theory suggests separate prokaryotic cells joined together to perform functions to help one another
Virus simple nonliving particle with nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat
Viral Reproduction - Quickly Lytic infection - symptoms occur with hours or days of being infected ; infections are acute Examples: common cold, H1N1 flu, SARS,
Viral Reproduction - Slowly Lysogenic infection - no symptoms for weeks, months, or years ; infections linger in the body for a long time before symptoms appear Example: HIV, cold sores
Virus - Shape the shape of projections of the viral protein coat match receptor sites on the cell membrane ; tricks the cell into letting the virus in the cell
Biomolecules Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules - Elements CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Biomolecules provide necessary materials for living organisms
Carbohydrates sugars that provide quick energy
Carbohydrates simple - glucose complex - starch , cellulose
Carbohydrate Structure complex carbohydrates are made by linking simple carbohydrates (such as:glucose) into different patterns or structures to perform different functions
Lipids (aka Fats) contain the most energy (calories) compared to carbohydrates or protein
Proteins made by joining amino acids ; made by ribosomes
Nucleic Acids - Types DNA or dexoxyribonucleic acids and RNA or ribonucleic acid
Nucleotide the smallest unit of a nucleic acid contains 1. Nitrogen Base 2. Sugar 3. Phosphate Group
DNA - Nucleotide Comparison Sugar (deoxyribose) and Phosphates are the same for all four different nucleotides ; the nitrogen base is different for each: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
RNA - Nucleotide Comparison Sugar (ribose) and Phosphates are the same for all four different nucleotides ; the nitrogen base is different for each : adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
DNA and RNA Same - Both are nucleic acids made up of nucleotides
DNA and RNA Different - RNA has ribose sugar while DNA has deoxyribose sugar
DNA and RNA Same nitrogen bases - Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine Different nitrogen bases - DNA, thymine ; RNA, uracil
Carbohydrate Elements CHO - Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Lipid Elements CHO - Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Protein Elements CHON - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
Nucleic Acid Elements CHONP - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Levels of Organization Atoms, Biomolecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem. Biosphere
Levels of Organization - Population consists of one type of living thing
Levels of Organization - Community consists of 2 or more types of living things in the same area
Levels of Organization - Ecosystem consists of 2 or more types of living things in the same area with non-living material (biotic and abiotic)
Levels of Organization - Example Cell:epithelial cell, Tissue:nephron (kidney tissue), Organ:kidney, Organ System: Excretory System, Organisms: Human
Levels of Organization - Example Cell:red blood cell, Tissue:cardiac muscle, Organ:heart, Organ System: Circulatory , Organisms: Human
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