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BJU Biology Ch 3
BJU Biology 4th Edition - Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | The movement of molecules across cellular membranes against the concentration gradient; requires cellular energy expenditure. |
| cell | The functional and structural unit of life. |
| cell membrane | The cellular membrane that forms the outermost boundary of a cell's cytoplasm and also encloses the membrane-bound organelles within the cell. |
| cell theory | The theory that all living organisms are made up of microscopic units called cells and that these cells perform alll the functions of living things. |
| cell wall | A rigid structure manufactured by the cell; located outside the cell membrane; often made of cellulose, silica, or other substances. |
| centrosome | An area near the nucleus of a cell that functions in the production of microtubules. |
| chloroplast | An organelle that contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis. |
| chromatin material | A complex of DNA and surrounding proteins in the nucleus of a cell. |
| cilium | One of numerous short extensions of a cell membrane; aids in movement. |
| colonial organism | An organism that consists of a group of similar cels living together. Each cell functions like a unicellular organism. |
| cytology | The study of cells. |
| cytoplasm | All the material inside the cell membrane of a cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| cytoskeleton | The internal structure of cytoplasm; made of microfilaments and microtubules. |
| endocytosis | The movement of materials across a cell's membrane and into the cell by phagocytosis or pinocytosis. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | A cellular structure consisting of a complex network of fine, branching tubules and interconnected folded membranes. |
| eukaryotic | An organism that possesses both organelles and a nucleus that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. |
| exocytosis | The process in which vacuoles or vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release particles or substances from the cell. |
| facilitated diffusion | Passive transport that requires the presence of a protein factor in the cellular membrane. |
| flagellum | A long, tubular extension of a cell's membrane that aids in movement. |
| Golgi apparatus | A membrane-bound organelle that deals with synthesis and packaging of materials. |
| homeostasis | The equilibrium or internal "steady state" that every living organism must maintain. |
| hypertonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| hypotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| isotonic | A solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| lipid bilayer | Description of the two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. |
| lysosome | A membrane-bound organelle that contains various hydrolytic enzymes. |
| microfilament | A flexible, rod-like assembly of protein molecules found in cells. |
| microtubule | A hollow, spiral assembly of protein molecules that composes flagella, cilia, mitotic spindles, and other cellular structures. |
| mitochondrion | A membrane-bound cellular organelle responsible for the respiration of foods to release usable energy. |
| multicellular organism | An organism that consists of many cells. |
| nuclear envelope | The double membrane forming the surface of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. |
| nucleolus | A spherical body in the nucleus that has a high concentration of RNA and proteins. |
| nucleus | The positively charged central portion of an atom. The region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the chromosomes. |
| organ | A group of tissues that perform a specific function. |
| organ system | A group of organs that work together to accomplish a life function. |
| organelle | A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function. |
| passive transport | The movement of substances through a cellular membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy. |
| phagocytosis | The process of a cell engulfing a substance. |
| pinocytosis | The process whereby a cell takes in fluid by forming vesicles. |
| plastid | A membrane-bound organelle found in plants, algae, and a few other organisms, but not in animals. |
| prokaryotic | An organism that lacks a nuclear membrane and has only non-membrane-bound organelles; found in kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. |
| ribosome | A non-membrane-bound cellular organelle associated with protein formation. |
| tissue | A group of many similar cells that perform a similar function. |
| transport protein | A protein molecule embedded in the cell membrane that mediates the passage of certain molecules. |
| turgor pressure | The added pressure within a plant cell that results from the movement of water into the central vacuole. |
| unicellular organism | Organisms that are composed of just one cell. |
| vacuole | A membrane-bound organelle in a cell; stores material. |
| vesicle | A small vacuole. |
Created by:
marchscience
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