Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology
Sympathomimetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are sympathomimetics? | Agents which in general mimic responses due to stimulation of sympathetic nerves. |
| Which receptors are activated by sympathomimetics? | Adrenergic receptors |
| How do sympathomimetics activate directly or indirectly adrenergic receptors? | Increasing norepinephrine and epinephrine levels |
| What are the main mediators of the sympathoadrenal system? | Norepinephrine and Epinephrine |
| What conditions are most commonly treated with Sympathomimetics? | Cardiovascular pathology, hypersensitivity, COPD, adn glaucoma |
| What sympathomimetic drugs have direct-acting mode of action? | Alpha-adrenergic agonists, B-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists |
| What are some common indirect acting sympathomimetics? | MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibits that increase levels of endogenous catecholamines |
| What are the main two categories of Direct-acting adrenergic agonists? | Selective and Nonselective |
| What are 4 common examples of a Selective direct-adrenergic agonists? | Phenylephrine, Clonidine, Dobutamine, and Terbutaline |
| What is a Direct-adrenergic agonist of alpha-1 receptor? | Phenylephrine |
| What is the overall or simple way to describe the mode of action of Indirect acting sympathomimetics? | Release NA from nerve endings |
| Directly act as agonist on a alpha & beta or both | Direct Acting sympathomimetic |
| On which type of neuron do Indirect acting sympathomimetic act on? | Adrenergic neurons to release N. A. |
| What does the classification of Direct acting sympathomimetics, selective or nonselective, describes? | Selective are drugs that only work in one receptor (alpha or beta), and nonselective act on more than one receptor, either alpha, beta, or both. |
| Selective Direct-acting alpha-2 sympathomimetic | Clonidine |
| On which receptor does Clonidine work? | alpha-2 |
| Which receptor is stimulated by Dobutamine? | Beta-1 |
| What is an important B-1 direct acting sympathomimetic? | Dobutamine |
| What type of adrenergic agonist is Terbutaline? | Selective Direct-Acting adrenergic agonist |
| Which receptors are stimulated by Isoproterenol? | Beta-1 and Beta-2 |
| Does Epinephrine or Norepinephrine, have B2 activity? | Epinephrine |
| List of Nonselective Direct-acting adrenergic agonists: | Oxymetazoline Isoproterenol Epinephrine Norepinephrine |
| Which sympathomimetic is known to have mixed-acting qualiteis? | Ephedrine |
| Which adrenergic receptors are stimulated by Epinephrine? | Alpha 1 , Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta-2 |
| What are the subcategories of Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists? | 1. Releasing agents 2. Uptake inhibitor 3. MOA inhibitors 4. COMT inhibitors |
| What is meant by saying that Ephedrine has mixed acting qualities? | It is both a direct acting agonist, and and indirect acting adrenergic agonist. |
| What is the Indirect form in which Ephedrine works? | As a releasing agent |
| What are common Indirect-acting adrenergic receptors, classified as releasing agents? | Amphetamine, and tyramine |
| Is cocaine a direct or indirect-acting sympathomimetic? | Indirect-Acting adrenergic agonist |
| MOA inhibitor: | 1. Selegiline 2. Indirect-Acting adrenergic agonist |
| What is the purpose of action for Indirect-acting sympathomimetics? | Increase the availability of NE and EPI to stimulate adrenergic receptors |
| Other than Ephedrine, what other hormone has mixed-acting sympathomimetic features? | Dopamine |
| List of muscles with alpha-1 adrenergic activity: | 1. Most vascular smooth muscle (innervated) 2. Pupillary dilator muscle 3. Pilomotor smooth muscle 4. Prostate 5. Heart |
| What is the action due to a-1 vascular smooth muscle stimulation? | Contraction |
| alpha 1 stimulation of the pupillary dilator muscle cause: | Contraction (dilates pupil) |
| If an alpha 1 receptor is stimulated will increase or decrease blood pressure? | Increase blood pressure |
| Dilation of the pupil can be achieved by stimulating which adrenergic receptor? | Alpha-1 |
| What is the effect/action on the heart as the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor is stimulated? | Increases force of contraction |
| Which receptor is stimulated in order to increase the heart force of contraction? | Alpha-1 |
| Which tissues are affected by alpha-2 stimulation? | 1. Postsynaptic CNS neurons 2. Platelets 3. Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals 4. Fat cells 5. Some vascular smooth muscle |
| What is a hematologic effect of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor stimulation? | Platelet aggregation |
| Which adrenergic receptor can be blocked in order to prevent platelet aggregation? | Alpha-2 |
| What is the effect of agonism of alpha-2 receptor in fat cells? | Inhibits lipolysis |
| Which are the main tissues affected by B1-adrenoreceptors? | Heart and juxtaglomerular cells |
| What actions are associated by the stimulation of B1 adrenoreceptors? | Increases force and rate of contraction ; increase renin release |
| Which adrenoreceptor subtype is stimulated in order to increase heart rate? | Beta-1 |
| Will stimulation or inhibition of Beta-1 adrenoreceptor cause decrease in heart rate? | Inhibition |
| Increasing the activity of B-1 adrenoreceptors will increase or decrease renin release? | Increase renin release |
| What muscle tissues are affected by B2-adrenoreceptor stimulation? | Respiratory, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle |
| What is the effect on the muscle tissues that are affected by B-2 stimulation? | Promotes smooth muscle relaxation |
| What is the action produced by the skeletal muscle due to B2-adrenoreceptor activation? | Promotes potassium uptake |
| An uptake of potassium can be seen with increased activity of which adrenoceptor subtype? | B2 |
| What is the action produced by B2 activity on human liver cells? | Activates glycogenolysis |
| What is the effect of D1 activity on smooth muscle? | Dilates renal blood vessels |
Created by:
rakomi
Popular USMLE sets