Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BJU Biology Ch 2
BJU Biology 4th Edition - Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid | Any substance that yield hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; a substance that neutralizes a base |
| activation energy | The initial energy necessary to start a chemical reaction |
| active site | The portion of an enzyme's surface that is believed to bond to a particular substrate during the action of an enzyme |
| adhesion | The force that holds molecules of different substances together |
| amino acid | The basic "building block" of a protein molecule |
| atom | The smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in combination |
| base | A substance that releases hydroxl ions when dissolved in water; neutralizes an acid |
| buffer | A dissolved substance that makes a solution resistant to a change in its pH (the concentration of hydrogen ions) |
| carbohydrate | An organic compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
| catalyst | A substance that affects the rate of a reaction but is not changed in the reaction |
| cellulose | Chains of glucose molecules; found in plant cell walls |
| chemical change | A change in which a substance loses its characteristics and changes into one or more new substances. |
| cohesion | The force that holds molecules of the same substance together; characteristic that causes water to move up plant stems |
| concentration | An expression of the proportions of solute to solvent in a solution |
| concentration gradient | The difference between the number of molecules in one area and the number of the same molecules in an area nearby |
| compound | A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in definite proportions. |
| covalent bond | A chemical bond formed between atoms as a result of sharing a pair of electrons. |
| diffusion | The random movement of atoms , ions, or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| disaccharide | A sugar composed of two monosaccharides |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | The nucleic acid that is located primarily in the nucleus; carrier of genetic information |
| double helix | The shape of a DNA molecule, characterized by two parallel, spiral strands |
| electron | The part of an atom that has a negative charge and that moves in a shell-like orbit around the nucleus. |
| element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. |
| energy | The ability to do work |
| entropy | A measure of the unusable energy that escapes when energy is being converted from one form to another; an increase in disorder and degeneration |
| enzyme | A protein molecule that is produced by living cells to catalyze specific reactions |
| equilibrium | A state of balance as is seen when diffusion has progressed to the point where there are no longer regions of higher and lower concentrations |
| fatty acid | A common lipid composed of a chain of 14-28 carbon atoms with a carboxyl group on the end |
| glucose | A common six-carbon simple sugar |
| gylcogen | A polysaccharide; animal starch; branching chains of glucose molecules |
| hydrogen bond | Weak intermolecular attraction between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom of another molecule; especially significant in affecting the characteristics of water |
| hydrophilic | Attracted to or having an affinity for water |
| hydrophobic | Not having an affinity for water |
| ion | An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge as a result of losing or gaining electrons |
| ionic bond | A chemical bond between ions of opposite charge |
| isotope | One of the forms of atom produced by having different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons in the nucleus. |
| kinetic energy | The energy of motion; may take the form of heat, light, electricity, etc. |
| lipid | An organic compound that is insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents |
| matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass |
| mixture | A material that contains two or more substances |
| molecule | The smallest possible unit of a substance that consists of two or more atoms |
| monomer | One of the repeating units within a polymer or macromolecule |
| monosaccharide | A simple sugar |
| neutron | The non-charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
| nucleic acid | An organic compound in living cells that is responsible for passing on hereditary information; DNA and RNA |
| nucleotide | The basic component of a DNA or RNA molecule; each is made up of sugar, a phospate, and a base |
| organic compounds | compounds that contain covalently bonded carbon atoms (with a few exceptions) |
| osmosis | Diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane |
| pH | The measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution using values from 0 to 14 |
| physical change | Altering a substance in its state of matter and appearance without changing it into a new substance |
| polar molecule | A molecule with charged poles (not balanced by symmetry) |
| polymer | A macromolecule made up of a chain of monomers, sometimes identical |
| polypeptide | A linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule |
| polysaccharide | A large, complex carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides |
| potential energy | Energy that is stored until being released |
| product | The physical result of a chemical reaction |
| protein | An organic compound that is composed of amino acids |
| proton | The positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus |
| reactant | The starting substance of a chemical reaction |
| replication | The process whereby a DNA molecule duplicates itself and forms a new DNA molecule |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | The type of nucleic acid that forms from DNA and functions with ribosomes to form protein molecules |
| RNA polymerase | The enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, during the process of transcription |
| saturated | Describing a fatty acid molecule with only single bonds between carbon atoms |
| semipermeable membrane | A membrane that is permeable to certain molecules or ions but not to others |
| solute | The dissolved substance in a solution |
| solution | The uniform dissolving of one substance into another substance |
| solvent | The substance (often a liquid) into which a solute is dissolved |
| starch | A polysaccharide, often used for energy storage by plants |
| steroid | steroid |
| substrate | The chemical or chemicals an enzyme will affect |
| transcription | The process of forming messenger RNA from DNA |
| triglyceride | Fats that are formed by combining three fatty acid molecules to a molecule of glycerol, a 3-carbon alcohol |
| unsaturated | A molecular structure in which some of the carbon atoms are double bonded to each other |
Created by:
marchscience
Popular Biology sets