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SJCC Physio Ch 9
Nervous System Vocabulary pp. 202-213
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neurons | nerve cells |
| Nerve Impulse | The electrochemical process of depolarization and repolarization along an axon. |
| Cell Body | Portion of a nerve cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass and a nucleus, and from which nerve fibers extend. |
| Dendrites | Process of a neuron that receives impulses from another neuron. |
| Axons | A nerve fiber; conducts an impulse away from the cell body (sends message) |
| Nerves | Bundle of axons |
| Neuroglial Cells | Specialized cells of the nervous system that produce myelin, communicate between cells, and maintain the ionic environment. |
| Central Nervous System | CNS- Brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | PNS- Peripheral nerves that connect the central nervous system to other body parts |
| Sensory Receptors | A specialized structure associated with the peripheral end of a sensory neuron specific to detecting a particular sensation and triggering a nerve impulse in response; which is transmitted to the CNS |
| Effectors | Outside the nervous system; muscles that contract and glands that secrete when stimulated by nerve impulses. |
| Somatic Nervous System | Motor pathways of the PNS that lead to the skin and skeletal muscles. |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Portion of the nervous system that controls viscera (organs) |
| Microglial Cells | A glial cell that supports neurons and phagocytizes. |
| Oligodendrocytes | A type of glial cell that forms myelin in the CNS |
| Astrocytes | Glial cell that connects neurons to blood vessels |
| Ependymal Cells | A membrane composed of neuroglial cells that lines the ventricles of the brain. |
| Schwann Cells | A type of glial cell that surrounds the axon of a peripheral neuron, forming the neurilemmal sheath and myelin. |
| Neurofibrils | Fine threads that extend from the cell body into the axon. |
| Chromatophilic Substance | Rough er in other cells |
| Neurilemma | Portions of the Schwann cells that contain most of the cytoplasm and the nuclei that remain outside the myelin sheath (surrounds the myelin sheath) |
| Nodes of Ranvier | narrow gaps between schwann cells |
| Trigger zone | Sensitive part of an axon where a nerve impulse originates. |
| Multipolar Neurons | Have many processes, one of which is an axon, the rest are dendrites, mostly in brain or spinal cord |
| Bipolar Neurons | Two processes, one axon, one dendrite, specialized parts of the eyes, nose, and ears |
| Unipolar Neurons | One process (an axon) that divides into branches; one branch is near a peripheral body part, the other enters the brain or spinal cord, and can aggregate into masses called ganglia which are outside the brain and spinal cord |
| Sensory Neurons | Carry nerve impulses from the peripheral body parts to the brain and spinal cord |
| Interneurons | Lie entirely in the brain or spinal cord and transmit from one part of the brain or spinal cord to another |
| Motor Neurons | Carry impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors |
| Polarized | Electrically charged |
| Action potential | A change in membrane polarization and return to resting state |
| Resting potential | The potential difference between the region inside the membrane and the region outside the membrane |
| Threshold potential | Minimum level of stimulation needed to cause a nerve impulse |
Created by:
jmglbrt
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