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APCompave Ch.1 Voc.
Introduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Area Studies | Political study for a part of land with similar characteristics instead of studying parts of world with similar variables clustered |
| Behavioral Revolution | 1950s-1960s political studies forming theories about political behavior of all countries |
| Causal Relationship | when one variable cause another to change (causing of data) |
| Comparative Method | a way where social scientist study differences among different situations |
| Comparative Politics | study and comparison of countries' laws and government |
| Correlation | noticeable relation between two or more factors (data) |
| Deductive Reasoning | research from a guess which is tested against data |
| Endogeneity | problem which cause and effect not generally clear which variables may be both cause and effect. |
| Equality | shared material standard of people within a community, society, or country |
| Formal Institutions | organization based on formal, approved, logical rules |
| Fragile States Index | yearly review of 178 countries measuring social, economic, and political pressures. |
| Freedom | ability to act unrestrained without fear of limits because of state or others (different people/government). |
| Game Theory | a way highlighting how actors or organizations behave in their goal to influence others; built upon empirical and normative statements |
| Human Development Index | Developmental measures used by the United Nations that studies literacy rates, GDP per capital, and life expectancy. |
| Inductive Reasoning | studies that operates from subject reports in order to generate a guess |
| Informal Institutions | organizations with unwritten and unofficial rules |
| Institution | organization or activity that self-conserving and valued for its own sake |
| International Relations | political science that centralize on relations between countries, such as foreign policy, war, trade, and foreign aid |
| Modernization Theory | as societies developed, they would take on a set of common characteristics, including democracy, and capitalism |
| Multicausality | variables are interconnected and interact together to produce particular outcomes |
| Politics | struggle in any group for power that will give one or more persons the ability to make decisions for the larger group |
| Power | ability to influence others or impose one’s will on them |
| Qualitative Method | in-depth investigation of a limited number of cases |
| Quantitative Method | statistical data from many cases |
| Rational Choice | assuming that individuals weigh the costs and benefits to make choices maximizing benefits |
| Selection Bias | focus on effects rather than causes which can lead to inaccurate conclusions about correlation or causation |
| Theory | united set of hypotheses, assumptions, and facts |
| Transparency International from | Berlin, Germany |
| Transparency International goal | organization leading the fight against corruption |
| Corruption (Transparency International definition) | abuse of entrusted power for private gain eventually hurting everyone who depends on the cooperation of people in rule. |
| Transparency International creates | “Corruption Perception Index” |