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Bio Midterm Vocab
Biology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An Italian scholar who's experiment showed that microorganisms will not grow in boiled and sealed gravy but will grow in boiled gravy that is left open to air. | Spallanzani |
| An Italian physician designed an experiment to determine what cause te sudden appearance of maggots on meat. | Redi |
| An English scientist, claimed that spontaneous generation could occur under the right conditions. | Leeuwenhoek |
| Showed that all living things come from other living things. | Pasteur |
| The science that seeks to understand the living world. | Biology |
| In __________, two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism. | Sexual Reproduction |
| An ________ is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience. | Inference |
| The information gathered from observations is called evidence, or _____. | data |
| In science, the word ______ applies to a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. | theory |
| In ________, the new organism has a single parent. | asexual reproduction |
| The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable | homeostasis |
| The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes | metabolism |
| A _____________ allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image. | compound light microscope |
| A _________ focuses beams of electrons on specimens in order to view them. | electron microscope |
| The attraction between molecules of different substances. | adhesion |
| Mixtures of water and nondissolved materials | suspension |
| Compound that forms H+ ions in solution. | acid |
| Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms | covalent bond |
| Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction | catalyst |
| Attraction between molecules of the same substance | cohesion |
| substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions | compound |
| Weak acid or base teh can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH | buffer |
| Compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution | base |
| Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element | isotope |
| bond formed when one or more elections are transferred from one atom to another | ionic bond |
| smallest unit of a compound | molecule |
| material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are phusically mixed together but not chemically combined | mixture |
| monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base | nucleotide |
| substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution | solute |
| mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distrubted | solution |
| substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution | solvent |
| a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules | Van der waals |
| single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem | limiting nutrient |
| coversion of nitrates into nitrogen | denitrification |
| loss of water from a plant through its leaves | transpiration |
| total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level | biomass |
| network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem | food web |
| organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals | omnivore |
| organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter | decomposer |
| organism that obtains energy by eating only plants | herbivore |
| process by which some organisms such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates | chemosynthesis |
| organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds | Autotrophs |
| collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving environment | ecosystem |
| group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area | populations |
| part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere | Biosphere |
| scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment | Ecology |
| group of similar organism that can breed and produce fertile offspring | Species |
| assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area | communities |
| group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities | biome |
| process by which plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugars nd starches | photosynthesis |
| organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes | heterotrophs |
| organism that obtains energy by eating only animals | carnivore |
| organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and oter dead matter | detritivores |
| series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten | food chain |
| step in a food chain or food web | trophic level |
| process by which water changes from a liquid into an atomospheric gas | evaporation |
| chemical substance that an organism requires to live | nutrients |
| process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia | nitrogen fixation |
| organisms moving into an ecosystem resulting in a population increase | immigration |
| organisms moving out of an ecosystem resulting in a population decrease | emigration |
| a cold climate zone where the sun's rays strike earth at a very low angle | polar zone |
| moderate climate zone between the polar zones and tropic | temperate zone |
| warm climate zone that receives direct or nearly direct sunlight year round | tropical zone |
| biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem | biotic factors |
| physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem | abiotic factor |
| full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions | niche |
| the area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect the organism | habitat |
| average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region | climate |
| condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place | weather |
| succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil | secondary succession |
| succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists | primary succession |
| symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed | commenalism |
| symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship | mutualism |
| symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and harms it | parasitism |
| organisms that live attached to or near the ocean floor | benthos |
| tiny, free-floating, weakly swimming organisms that occur in aquatic environments | plankton |
| tiny animals that form part of the plankton | zooplankton |
| population of algae and other small, photosynthetic organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton | phytoplankton |
| growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth | logistic growth |
| growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate | exponential growth |
| largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support | carrying capacity |
| factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely keeps the same | controlled experiment |
| factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes; also known as independent variable | manipulated variable |
| factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe, which may change in response to the manipulated variable, also known a a dependent variable | responding variable |
Created by:
cesca
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