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Musculoskeletal
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the skin manifestation in Dermatomyositis? | Heliotrope eyelid rash |
| What antibodies are positive in Dermatomyositis? | Antinuclear antibodies |
| What normal daily action can elicit sudden and severe back pain radiating to the lower extremity? | Disk herniation due to heavy lifting |
| What common test is highly specific to diagnose disk herniation? | Straight Leg Raise test |
| At which levels of the vertebrae is the Straight Leg Raise test extremely sensitive? | L4-L5 or L5-S1 levels |
| What some clinical signs of L5-S1 radiculopathy? | 1. Decreased sensation in the posterior leg and lateral foot, 2. Diminished ankle jerk reflex 3. Weak Plantarflexion of the foot, 4. Back pain radiating to the lower extremity |
| Which nerve reflex is diminished or affected by L5-S1 radiculopathy? | Ankle-jerk reflex |
| What is the clinical term of extreme heat exposure without quick treatment? | Heatstroke |
| How is the thermoregulation of the palms and soles done? | Mediated by decreased sympathetic nerve signaling to the skin, which causes reduced vasoconstriction, increased blood flow, and increased heat dispersion |
| What is the name for the skin of the soles and palms, associated with heat sensation? | Glabrous skin |
| What is the diagnosis of abdominal contents entering the inguinal canal and scrotum, leading to a bulge, especially in young children? | Indirect hernia |
| To which muscles do indirect hernias pass adjacent relatively? | 1. Transverse abdominal muscle, 2. Internal Oblique muscle, and, 3. Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. |
| What are clinical signs or clues suggesting Occlusion of the Popliteal artery? | Lack of pulse in the lower leg and severe pain |
| What injury often may lead to Popliteal artery occlusion or severing? | Knee dislocation following posterior knee trauma |
| What artery is most likely to be injured in posterior knee trauma? | Popliteal artery |
| What is the physical appearance of toes in a patient with Popliteal artery occlusion? | Dusky discoloration |
| How is longitudinal melanonychia presented? | One or more pigmented, vertical bands of the nail plate extension for the proximal nail fold to the distal pit |
| What is the MCC of longitudinal melanonychia? | Increased melanocyte activation due to various possible causes |
| What nerve innervates the fourth and fifth digits on the hand? | Ulnar nerve |
| What is the function or role of the median portion of the FDP? | Flexion of the 4th and 5th digits of the hand |
| What are the muscles innervated by the Ulnar nerve? | Adductor pollicis Interossei, FDP Muscles of the 5th digitn (digit minimi) |
| Which nerve root is affected in Erb's palsy? | C5-C6 nerve root |
| Which part of the upper extremity is known to be tender to palpation in Erb's palsy? | Shoulder |
| What are the common motor deficits seen in Erb palsy? | 1. Loss of upper arm abduction and flexion, and 2. Loss of forearm supination and flexion |
| A person with recent arm trauma, has among some clinical signs loss of upper arm abduction, loss of forearm supination, and flexion of the upper and forearm. What is a possible condition? | Erb's palsy |
| What condition is associated with the "waiter's tip" hand? | Erb's palsy |
| Which turn of the brachial plexus is injured in Erb's palsy? | Upper trunk of the brachial plexus |
| Which specific part of the Brachial plexus Upper turn is damaged in Erb's palsy?? | C5-C5 nerve root |
| What is Iliopsoas tendinopathy? | Inflammatory seen in repetitive hip flexion that causes an achy pain worse with activity dn popping nose with hip extension and internal rotation |
| What is the insertion point of the Iliopsoas muscle? | Lesser trochanter of the Femur via the Psoas tendon |
| What fat soluble deficiency leads to Rickets/Osteomalacia? | Vitamin D deficiency |
| How is Rickets clinically presented? | Femoral and tibial bowing, frontal bossing, awdienn of the costochondral junction, and craniotabes |
| What bone process is deficient due to lack of vitamin D? | Mineralization of the bone |
| What can be suspected in a patient with decreased mineralization of the bone? | Vitamin D deficiency |
| What is the key feature of the leg bones in a patient with Rickets? | Femoral and Tibial bowing |
| What are the vertebral levels that originate the Serratus posterior inferior muscle? | T11 to L2 |
| What is the clinical effect of a rotation injury to the Serratus posterior inferior muscle? | Pain with forced expiration, twisting, or lateral bending |
Created by:
rakomi
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