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8th grade geology

QuestionAnswer
Alfred Wegner German scientist, proposed hypothesis called continental drift, which states that all continents have moved over time
there are three types of plate boundary convergent, divergent, transform
convergent when 2 tectonic plates collide (together)
divergent when 2 tectonic plates separate (apart)
transform when 2 plates slide past each other horizontally (shearing,sliding)
convergent- oceanic/ oceanic boundary one plate subducts (sinks) under the other . makes trench or volcanic mountain , island arc eg Aleutain Island
convergent- oceanic/continental boundary oceanic plate subducts under continental and forms a chain of volcanic mountains or trenches eg Andes mountains
convergent- continental/continental boundary buckles and pushes crust upward and makes folded mountains eg Himalayas
divergent makes underwater mountains, new ocean floor, rift valleys
transform makes earthquakes, transform faults eg San Andreas Fault
Seafloor spreading tectonic plates spread apart from each other allowing magma to rise from sea floor to create new land
Hot Spot volcano found between plate boundaries
igneous rock formed when hot liquid rock (magma) cools
sedimentary rock formed due to weathering erosion and compaction
metamorphic rock transformed by heat and pressure into rock with different properties
what is needed for rock to change from one type to another heat & pressure/ uplift & erosion/melting/ cooling hardening & crystallization
magma --- igneous rock cooling, hardening, crystallization
igneous---sedimentary rock uplift, weathering,erosion
sedimentary---metamorphic rock heat and pressure
metamorphic --- magma melting
Created by: agarbutt
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