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Lymphatic System
Chapter 21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the lymphatic system do? | Transports and houses lymphocytes and other immune cells that help immune system defend against potentially harmful substances and aids cardiovascular system. |
| What are the Lymphatic system components? | Lymph vessels, lymphatic tissues, and organs |
| What is lymph? | Interstitial fluid that was not reabsorbed by blood capillaries. |
| What are the components of lypmh? | Water, dissolved solutes, and small amount of protein (sometimes cell debris, pathogens, or cancer cells). |
| How does lymph get into the lymphatic capillaries? | Hydrostatic pressure gradient |
| Where are lymphatic capillaries located? | Interspersed around most blood capillaries. |
| What do lymphatic capillaries have that ensure the entrance of lymph and prevent it from escaping? | Flaps |
| What are lacteals? | lymphatic capillaries in GI tract |
| The wall of lymphatic capillaries are made of what? | Overlapping endothelial cells |
| What holds the lymphatic capillaries to near by strcutures? | Anchoring filaments |
| Lymph flows through vessels in what order? | Lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic trunks, and lymphatic ducts |
| What is Metastasis? | Wandering cancerous cells establishing secondary tumors |
| Lymphatic vessels are fed lymph from? | Lymphatic capillaries |
| Since lymphatic vessels lack a pump to move lymph through, what do they us in order to do so? | Skeletal muscle, reparatory pumps, pulsatile movement, rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle |
| Lymphatic trunks are fed by ? | Lymphatic vessels |
| What do lymphatic vessels have to prevent pooling and backflow? | Valves |
| What are the five lymphatic trunks? | • Jugular trunks • Subclavian trunks • Bronchomediastinal trunks • Intestinal trunks • Lumbar trunks |
| Jugular trunks | Drainage of lymph from head and neck |
| Subclavian trunks | Drainage of lymph from upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thoracic wall |
| Broncho mediastinal trunks | Drainage of lymph from deep thoracic structures |
| Intestinal trunks | Drainage of lymph from most abdominal structures |
| Lumbar trunks | Drainage of lymph from lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall, and pelvic organs |
| Lymphatic ducts are fed by ? | Lymphatic trunks |
| What are the biggest lymphatic vessels? | Lymphatic ducts |
| What does the Right lymphatic duct drain? | Upper right quadrant of body |
| Where does the Right lymphatic duct deliver lymph to? | Junction of right subclavian and right internal jugular veins. |
| What does the Thoracic lymphatic duct drain? | Diaphragm to junction of left subclavian and left jugular veins. |
| Which lymphatic duct is the largest duct? | Thoracic lymphatic duct |
| What does cisterna chyli recieve? | Lipid-rich chyle from GI tract. |
| What is Lymphedema? | Accumulation of interstitial fluid due to interference with lymphatic drainage • Extreme cases known as elephantiasis. |
| What is the function of Primary lymphatic structures? | Involved in formation and maturation of lymphocytes |
| What are some Primary lymphatic structures? | Red bone marrow and thymus |
| What is the function of Secondary lymphatic structures? | House lymphocytes and other immune cells. |
| What are some Secondary lymphatic structures? | Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, MALT, diffuse lymphatic nodules |
| Which lymphatic structures is the sites of immune response initiation? | Secondary |
| What does Red Bone Marrow make? | T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes |
| Where do T-lymphocytes travel to in order to mature? | Thymus |
| Where is the thymus located? | Mediastinum |
| Is the thymus bigger or smaller in adults compared to children? | Smaller |
| What gradually replaces the thymus over time? | Adipose tissue |
| Trabeculae is located where? | Connective tissue capsule |
| What does Trabeculae do? | Subdivides lobes into lobules |
| The cortex of the thymus contains what type or T-lymphocytes? | Immature |
| The medulla of the thymus contains what type or T-lymphocytes? | Mature |
| What are the Secondary lymphatic structures organized in? | Lymphatic organs and aggregates of lymphatic nodules |
| What are the Secondary lymphatic organs? | Spleen and lymph nodes |
| What are the Secondary lymphatic nodules? | Tonsils, MALT, diffuse lymphatic nodules |
| What do lymphatic nodules do? | Filter lymph, remove unwanted substances |
| What are the 3 lymphatic nodules? | • Cervical lymph nodes • Axillary lymph nodes • Inguinal lymph nodes |
| Cervical lymph nodes receive lymph from where? | Head, neck. |
| Axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from where? | Breast, axilla, and upper limb. |
| Inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from where? | Lower limb and pelvis. |
| These lymphatic vessels bring lymph into the lymph nodes. | Afferent vessels |
| These lymphatic vessels drain lymph from the lymph nodes. | Efferent vessel |
| What monitored lymph for presence of foreign material when going through lymph nodes? | Macrophages, lymphocytes |
| Lymphoma | Enlarged lymph node |
| What are the two types of Lymphoma? | • Hodgkin lymphoma • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (more common) |
| What is the largest lymphatic organ? | Spleen |
| Trabeculae in the spleen does what? | Divides red and white pulp |
| What is in White pulp? | Clusters of T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages around central artery |
| What is in Red pulp? | Erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes. |
| What does Red pulp store? | Erythrocytes and platelets |
| What are splenic cords? | Cells and reticular connective tissue in red pulp |
| What are splenic sinusoids? | Very permeable capillaries in red pulp |
| What does the spleen filter and monitor? | Blood |
| What is the general flow of blood through spleen? | Splenic artery, splenic sinusoid, venules, and splenic vein. |
| Splenectomy | Surgical removal of the spleen |
| What do Tonsils do? | Surveillance inhaled and ingested substances |
| Tonsillar crypts | Invaginations that trap material |
| What are the three tonsils in the oral cavity? | • Pharyngeal tonsil • Palatine tonsils • Lingual tonsils |
| Where is the Pharyngeal tonsil located? | Nasopharynx |
| What are the Pharyngeal tonsil called when they enlarge? | Adenoids |
| Which tonsil get affected with Tonsillitis? | Palatine tonsils |
| What are signs of Tonsillitis? | Fever, chills, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing, tonsil has white spots, back of neck is red |
| What are Lymphatic nodules? | Clusters of lymphatic cells that help defends against infection. |
| Large structures Lymphatic nodules are called? | MALT (Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) |
| Where is MALT located? | Gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts. |
| What does MALT do? | Help defends against foreign substances. |
| What is Ileum? | MALT in small intestines |
| What are Peyer patches? | Large collections of lymphatic nodules that form bulges in ileum wall. |
| Lymphatic ducts drain lymph to? | Venous circulation |
Created by:
Olivve
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