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Croy Grammar II
Gerber Greek Grammar Week 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the definite article do? | Identifies, limits, or defines |
| How are definite articles used in relation to abstract nouns like "love?" | They may be used in written form, but are not translated |
| Can definite articles be used with proper nouns? | Yes |
| Is there are vocative form of the definite article? | No |
| When translating, if it is unclear whether or not to include the definite article, how should you proceed? | Translate the definite article using parentheses |
| What do adjective do? | Describes or modifies nouns |
| How must nouns and adjectives agree? | Must be agreement in gender, number, and case |
| What the the three types of adjectives | --Attributive --Predicate --Substantive |
| What does an attributive adjective do? | It attributes (that is, identifies or describes) something to a noun |
| What does an predicate adjective do? | It renames or "asserts" something about a noun |
| What does a substantive adjective do? | It stands in for a noun. |
| Where does the attributive adjective occur in Greek? | It can occur between a noun and it's article (example: τὸ καλὸν ἔργον) or it can follow the and and have article (example: τὸ ἔργον τὸ καλὸν) *τὸ καλὸν ἔργον = "the good deed", and ἔργον =the deed the good. |
| These nouns take the feminine artice "ἡ ; articles, adjectives, and other | Feminine nouns that follow the pattern of second declension nouns and agreement is with articles, adjectives. Other modifiers will be feminine |
| Nouns that mostly follow the pattern of 1st Declension Nouns (e.g. μαθητής) | Take the masculine definite article (ὁ); agreement: articles, adjectives, and other modifiers will be masculine |
| What does a preposition do? | It expresses a relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other part of the sentence |
| What are the cases of the object of the preposition (the noun/pronoun modified by it)? | They will be in the gen., dat., and acc. cases |
| Where do prepositions occur in Greek? | They occur between a noun and its article (example: οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν οὐρανῶν ἄγγελοι, which translates to "the angels (who are) from heaven") or they follow noun and have article (example: ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἐν τῷ οἴκῷ = the man (who is) in the house) |
| What is elision? | Elision is dropping the final vowel of one word before another word that starts with a vowel |
| What is aspiration? | Aspiration is dropping final vowel and changing consonant before another word that starts with rough breathing |
| Can neuter plural subjects take singular verbs? | Yes |
| εἰμι | I am |
| εἶ | You are |
| ἐστί(ν) | He, she, it is |
| ἐσμεν | We are |
| ἐστέ | Y'all are |
| εἰσί(ν) | They are |
| What are pronouns? | Words that take the place of nouns |
| What is an antecedent? | It is the noun replaced by a pronoun |
| What are the rules of agreement for pronouns? | Pronouns agree with antecedents in gender & number, but not necessarily case |
| Pronoun in the nominative case | Often for emphasis |
| Pronoun in the genitive case | Possession |
| Pronoun in the dative case | Indirect object |
| Pronoun in the accusative case | Often the direct object |
| ἐγώ | I (nom singular) |
| ἐμοῦ/μου | of me (gen singular) |
| ἐμοί/μοι | To me, for me (dat singular) |
| ἐμέ/με | Me (acc singular) |
| ἡμεῖς | We (nom plural) |
| ἡμῶν | of us (gen plural) |
| ἡμῖν | to us, for us (dat plural) |
| ἡμᾶς | us (acc plural) |
| σύ | you (nom singular) |
| σοῦ/σου | of you (gen singular) |
| σοί/σοι | to you, for you (dat singular) |
| σέ/σε | you (acc singular) |
| ὑμεῖς | y’all (nom plural) |
| ὑμῶν | of y’all (gen plural) |
| ὑμῖν | to y'all, for y’all |
| ὑμᾶς | y’all (acc plural) |
| How are third person pronouns formed? | In most cases, third person pronouns are formed by adding endings for adjectives to the stem αὐτ- |
| What are demonstratives? | words that “point out” a person or thing (“this” or “that”) |
| How do demonstratives function? | They may function like adjectives (this man) or they may be used by themselves like pronouns ("this one") |
| What are the two types of demonstratives? | Near (“this,” οὕτος) and far (“that,” ἐκεῖνος) |
| Demonstratives that function like an adjective (modifies a noun) | Demonstrative Adjectives |
| What are the rules of agreement in demonstratives? | Agreement in gender, number, and case |
| noun it modifies has an article: | dem. + article + noun or article + noun + dem |
| What are demonstrative pronouns? | demonstratives that stand in place of a noun |
| What are the rules for agreement for demonstrative pronouns? | Gender & number (case determined by function in sentence) |
| The demonstrative, οὗτος, and the 3rd person pronoun, αὐτος, look similar To differentiate οὗτος: accents always on the first syllable begins with rough breathing or the letter tau (τ) | The demonstrative, οὗτος, and the 3rd person pronoun, αὐτος, look similar To differentiate οὗτος: accents always on the first syllable begins with rough breathing or the letter tau (τ) |
| What are the three basic uses of αὐτός | As a pronoun (he, she, it), intensive use, and identical use |
| What is intensive use of αὐτός | Predicate adjective (either before a noun and its article or after a noun with no repetition of article) |
| What is the identical use of αὐτός | Attributive adjective (between a noun and its article or after noun with its own article) |
| What are the characteristics of Intensive use = αὐτός in predicate position | It translates as “-self” or “-selves;” translation determined by number and gender of accompanying noun |
| What are the characteristics of identical use = αὐτός in attributive position? | It translated as “same” and can occur without a noun |
| οὕτος | this |
| ἐκεῖνος | that |
Created by:
erinrach1974
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