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Pharmacology Review
NUR 125 final exam pharmacology review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Isotonic fluids | Example: 0.9% sodium chloride (NS), Lactated Ringers (LR) Actions: Increases intravascular volume |
| Hypertonic fluids | Example: 20% dextrose in water, 3% saline Actions: Decreases edema, pulls fluid out of the cells |
| Carbidopa | Given with levodopa to reduce levodopa metabolism so that more of the levodopa will reach receptor sites. |
| Levodopa | Used to replace dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's. Given in combination with carbidopa. |
| Antacids | Neutralize gastric acid |
| Milk of Magnesia | An antacid medication with a side effect of diarrhea |
| Histamine-2 receptor antagonists | Example: Pepcid Action: Decreases acid secretion |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors | Example: Pantoprazole (Protonix) Action: Decreases acid secretion Uses: Given for GERD and ulcers |
| Prokinetic Agents | Example: metoclopramide (Reglan) Action: Increases stomach contractions, increases peristalsis |
| Coating Agent | Example: sucralfate (Carafate) Action: Coats the stomach to protect it from acids |
| Serotonin antagonists | Example: ondansetron (Zofran) Uses: Treats nausea and vomiting associated with chemo, radiation, and post op nausea and vomiting (PONV) |
| Anticholinergics | Example: Benadryl and Dramamine Uses: Motion sickness Side Effect: "Can't See, Can't Pee, Can't spit, Can't poop" - blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth and throat |
| Amphojel | Binds with phosphorus to increase serum calcium levels. Given in patients with chronic kidney disease to raise calcium level. |
| Furosemide (Lasix) | Loop diuretic Action: inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, helps the kidneys excrete excess fluid and decreases edema |
| Erythropoietin | Treats anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, helps the kidneys produce more RBC |
| Nitroglycerin | Action: decreases oxygen demand of the heart and dilates arteries Nursing: Assess BP, seek help if no relief in 5 minutes, do not take with viagra |
| Protamine sulfate | Counteracts heparin |
| Vitamin K | Counteracts Coumadin |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Example: Norvasc Action: dilates blood vessels, reduces peripheral vascular resistance |
| warfarin (Coumadin) | Anticoagulant Treats DVT, PE Side effect is bleeding Takes 3-4 days until it is affective |
| Corticosteroids | Drug type: Anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, immunosuppressant Side Effects: Causes sodium retention and loss of potassium, delayed wound healing, increased risk of infection Take with food. Higher doses needed when body under stress. |
| Opiate agonists | Side effects: Decreased BP, Decreased RR, Confusion, Constipation, Urinary retention, Nausea, Dizziness |
Created by:
hmartin501
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