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Mbio Module 1-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Oceanic Crust | The portion of the earths’ crust that primarily contains basalt, is relatively dense, and is about 5 kilometers thick |
| Continental crust | The portion of the earths’ crust that primarily contains granite, is less dense than oceanic crust, and is 20 to 50 kilometers thick. |
| Plate tectonics | A process involving the movement of large plates n the earth’s mantle |
| Mid | ocean ridge |
| Seafloor spreading | The process that creates new sea floor as plates move away from each other at the mid |
| Subduction | The downward movement of one plate into the earth’s mantle when two plate collide. |
| Continental shelf | The gently sloped, shallow section of the edge of a continent, extending from the shore to the point where the slope gets steeper. |
| Continental sloped | The steeper section of a continental edge, extending seaward from the continental shelf. |
| Continental rise | The gently sloping area at the base of the continental sloped. |
| Specific heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by 1.00 ° C |
| Salinity | The total amount of salt dissolved in a solvent. |
| Coriolis effect | The way in which the rotation of the earth bends the path of winds and resulting sea currents. |
| Gyres | Large, mostly circular systems of surface currents driven by the wind. |
| Spring tide | A Time of largest tidal range due to the gravitational pull of the aligned sun and moon (during full moon and new moon) |
| Neap tide | A time of smallest tidal range due to the moon and sun being located at right angles to each other (during quarter moons) |
| Metabolism | The process by which a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain itself, develop, and grow. |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which an organism uses the energy from the sun to produce its own food |
| Autotroph | Organisms those are able to produce their own food |
| Heterotrophs | Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms |
| Respiration | The process by which food is converted into useable energy for life functions |
| Homeostatis | The tendency of living organisms to control or regulate changes in their internal environment. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Osmoconformer | An organism that allows its internal concentration of salts to change in order to match the external concentration of salts in the surrounding water. |
| Osmoregulator | An organism that regulates its internal concentration of salt |
| Poikilotherm | An organism whose body temperature changes with its surrounding environment |
| Ectotherm | An organism whose body temperature is controlled by its surrounding environment. |
| Homeotherm | An animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling mechanisms. |
| Endotherm | An animal whose internal body temperature is a result of internal sources of heat. |
| Asexual reproduction | Reproduction accomplished by a single organism |
| Sexual reproduction | Reproduction that involves the union of gametes from two organisms: a male and a female. |
| Binomial nomenclature | Identifying an organism by its genus and species name |
| Bacteria | Prokaryotic, single |
| Decomposers | Organisms that break down dead organic matter into smaller molecules |
| Chemosynthesis | The making of organic material from inorganic substance using chemical energy |
| Phytoplankton | Photosynthetic organisms that drift in the water |
| Zooplankton | Tiny floating organism that are either small animals or protozoa |
| Thallus | The complete body of an alga, not differentiated into true leaves, stems, or roots. |
| Diploid cell (2n) | A cell that has chromosomes which come in pairs |
| Haploid cell (1n) | A cell that contains half the normal number of chromosomes (one from each pair) |
| Alternation of generation | A life cycle that alternates between a sexual stage (gametophyte) and an asexual stage (sporophyte) |
| Symbiosis | A close relationship between two species where at least one benefits. |
| Lichen | An organism that results from the symbiosis between a fungus and an alga. |
| Osculum | A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled |
| Amoebocytes | Cells within a sponge that produce its skeletal structure, perform digestion, and repair cell damage |
| Gemmule | A group of cells surrounded by a shell made of spicules |
| Metamorphosis | A complete morphological change from larval to adult form |
| Spherical symmetry | A body form in which any cut through the organism’s center results in identical halves |
| Radial symmetry | A body form in which any longitudinal cut (along the length) through the organism’s central axis results I identical halves |
| Bilateral symmetry | A body form in which only on longitudinal cut through the organism’s center results in identical halves |
| Polyp | An attached cnidarian stage, appearing sac |
| Medusa | A free |
| Mesoglea | A jelly |
| Dorsal | Referring to the top (or back) surface of an animal |
| Ventral | Referring to the bottom (or belly) surface of an animal |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where both benefit from the association |
| Commenalism | A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited |
| Parasitism | A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed |
| Coelom | A body cavity within organisms containing specialized tissue |
| Extensions of the body containing thin | walled blood vessels that allow for easy absorption of oxygen from the outside surface |
| Mantle | A heath of tissue surrounding the organs of a mollusk, producing the mollusk’s hell and performing respiration |
| Radula | An organ covered with hundreds of small teeth, used for scraping food into the mouths of mollusks. |
| Chitin | A derivative of carbohydrates that provides |
| Open circulatory system | A circulatory system in which blood flows out of the blood vessels and into body cavities, where it comes in direct contact with cells. |
| Closed circulatory system | A circulatory system in which the blood always remains in vessels |
| Molting | The process of shedding an exoskeleton and replacing it with a new one |
| Cephalothorax | The anterior part of an arthropod body, consisting of a head and other body segments fused together |
| Carapace | An armored shield that covers the anterior portion of crustaceans |
| Water vascular system | A network of water |
| Ambulacral groove | A channel along the oral surface of echinoderms through which the tube feet protrude. |
| Notochord | A flexible supportive rod that runs the length of the body of the chordates |
| Dorsal nerve cord | A long bundle of nerve cells located along the dorsal part of an organism’s body |
| Anadromous | A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water when adults, and return to fresh water in order to reproduce. |
| Demersal | Fishes that live on the bottom of the ocean |
| Chromatophores | Surface pigment cells that expand and contract to produce various colors |
| Myomeres | Bands of muscle along the sides of fishes used for locomotion |
| Gill rakers | Projections along the inner surface of fishes’ gills used for filter |
| Migrations | The regular movement of an organism from one location to another |
| Catadromous | Referring to fishes that migrate from fresh water to reproduce in the ocean |
| Hermaphroditism | A situation in which an animal has the reproductive organs of both sexes |
| Oviparous | A type of development in which eggs are hatched outside a female’s body |
| Ovoviviparous | A type of development in which eggs are hatched inside the female’s body |
| Viviparous | A type of development in which the young obtain their nutrients directly from the mother and are birthed live |
| Adaptation | An expression of a helpful trait coming directly from the genetic information already possessed by at least some individuals in a genetically diverse population. |
| Baleen | Rows of comb |
| Echolocation | A method of analyzing sound aves to locate objects in the water column. |
| Behavior | An activity an organism would do in its natural habitat. |
| Delayed implantation | A delay in implantation of an embryo into te uterus allowing for the proper timing of birth. |
| Ecology | The study of the relationship between an organism and its environment |
| Abiotic | The nonliving part of an environment |
| Biotic | The living part of an environment |
| Carrying capacity | The largest population size that can be supported by a specific area with its available resources |
| Limiting resources | A factor required for a population to grow, but present in small quantities in an ecosystem. |
| Productivity | The rate of photosynthesis carried on in an ecosystem |
| Carbon fixation | The converting of inorganic carbon into useful organic carbon substances |
| Nitrogen fixation | The converting of gaseous nitrogen into useful organic nitrogen substances. |
| Benthic | Describing organisms that live on the ocean bottom |
| Pelagic | Describing organisms that live in the water column away from the ocean bottom. |
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akikoandpoog
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