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Physiology
Week 6 Chapter 14 & 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Repeated stimulation of muscle in time lessens its excitability and contractibility and may result in | fatigue. |
| The largest and most commonly injured joint in the body is the _____ joint. | knee |
| Which structure allows the electrical signals to travel along the sarcolemma and move deeper into the cell? | transverse tubule |
| Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called | lactate . |
| The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are myosin, actin, | tropomyosin, and troponin. |
| Exercise may cause an increase in muscle size called | hypertrophy. |
| Muscle tone is maintained by | negative feedback mechanisms. |
| Which type of movement occurs between the carpal and tarsal bones and between the articular facets of adjoining spinal vertebrae? | gliding |
| Joints joined by fibrocartilage are called | symphyses |
| The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the | sarcomere |
| According to the sliding filament theory | actin moves past myosin. |
| If a structural classification is used, joints are named according to the type of _____ tissue that joins the bones together. | connective |
| The more muscle fibers contracting at the same time, the stronger the contraction of the entire muscle. The number of muscle fibers contracting depends on how many motor units are | recruited |
| _____ occurs when the foot is tilted upward, thus decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg. | Dorsiflexion |
| Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase. |
| The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the | threshold stimulus. |
| The joint present during the growth years between the epiphyses of a long bone and its diaphysis is the | synchrondrosis. |
| The structure of the knee joint permits movements of | flexion and extension. |
| Which of the following is not among the structures that characterize synovial joints? | tendons |
| Synovial joints are | freely movable. |
| The joints between the articulating surfaces of the vertebral processes are classified as what type of joint? | gliding |
| Which of the following is not a function of muscles? | storage |
| The muscle’s ability to stretch or extend and to return to its resting length is called | extensibility. |
| Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? | elbow joint |
| Synarthrotic joints are | immovable. |
| Some synovial joints contain a closed pillow-like structure called a(n) | bursa. |
| Which subtype of fibrous joints is found only in the skull? | suture |
| The shoulder joint is an example of a _____ joint. | The shoulder joint is an example of all of these. |
| A contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases is called an | isometric contraction. |
| The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of | ATP |
| The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the: | amount of load, initial length of muscle fibers, and recruitment of motor units. |
| Kicking a football is accomplished by knee: | extension |
| Which type of muscle does not have T-tubules? | smooth |
| Which joint allows for the widest range of movement? | ball and socket |
| The largest and most frequently injured joint is the: | knee |
| Glucose can be stored in the muscle as: | Glycogen |
| Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg, is called: | dorsiflexion |
| Which joint allows for the most movement? | ball and socket |
| Cross-bridges are also called: | myosin heads. |
| Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? | protection |
| Which type of joint joins the two pubic bones together? | Symphysis |
| The rotator cuff muscles and tendons form a cufflike arrangement around the _____ joint. | shoulder |
| The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the: | shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones. |
| During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period |
| The opposite of eversion is: | none of the above |
| All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction except: | movement is produced. |
| Endurance training is also known as: | aerobic training. |
| Muscle contractions will continue as long as: | the calcium ions are attached to the troponin. |
| Most body movements are _____ contractions. | isotonic |
| The chief function of the T-tubules is to: | allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell. |
| Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? | saddle |
| An example of a hinge joint is(are) the: | interphalangeal joints. |
| A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the length changes is called a(n) _____ contraction. | isotonic |
| Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect? | Cardiac muscle requires nervous stimulation to contract. |
| The type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back is: | circumduction. |
| All of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle except: | thin and thick filaments are aligned in sarcomeres like skeletal muscles. |
| Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: | abduction |
| The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimuli is called: | irritability. |
| White fibers are also called _____ fibers. | fast |
| The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint. | hinge |
| Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? | Isometric |
| Stretching the foot down and back and pointing the toe is called: | plantar flexion. |
| Skeletal muscles are innervated by: | somatic motor neurons. |
| Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by: | a relative lack of ATP, high levels of lactate, and failure of the sodium-potassium pumps. |
| Thick myofilaments extend the length of the: | A-band |
| Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| The first event to occur in muscle relaxation is that: | the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs. |
| the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs. | The body temperature set point is established by the hypothalamus, Shivering will increase body temperature, and Body temperature functions on a negative-feedback mechanism. |
| An example of a pivot joint is(are) the: | head of the radius articulating with the ulna. |
| In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? | Synarthrosis |
| A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | biaxial |
| After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin |
| Rotator cuff surgery is performed quite commonly on professional baseball players, especially pitchers. Evidently, the throwing motion places enormous stress on the: | shoulder |
| The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is: | iron |
| What are the most movable joints in the body? | Synovial |
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ashleysummers
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