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Physiology
Week 6 Chapter 14 & 17
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Repeated stimulation of muscle in time lessens its excitability and contractibility and may result in | fatigue. |
The largest and most commonly injured joint in the body is the _____ joint. | knee |
Which structure allows the electrical signals to travel along the sarcolemma and move deeper into the cell? | transverse tubule |
Anaerobic respiration results in the formation of an incompletely catabolized molecule called | lactate . |
The four kinds of protein that make up myofilaments are myosin, actin, | tropomyosin, and troponin. |
Exercise may cause an increase in muscle size called | hypertrophy. |
Muscle tone is maintained by | negative feedback mechanisms. |
Which type of movement occurs between the carpal and tarsal bones and between the articular facets of adjoining spinal vertebrae? | gliding |
Joints joined by fibrocartilage are called | symphyses |
The contractile unit of a muscle cell is the | sarcomere |
According to the sliding filament theory | actin moves past myosin. |
If a structural classification is used, joints are named according to the type of _____ tissue that joins the bones together. | connective |
The more muscle fibers contracting at the same time, the stronger the contraction of the entire muscle. The number of muscle fibers contracting depends on how many motor units are | recruited |
_____ occurs when the foot is tilted upward, thus decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg. | Dorsiflexion |
Three phases of the twitch contraction are the | latent period, contraction phase, and relaxation phase. |
The minimal level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract is called the | threshold stimulus. |
The joint present during the growth years between the epiphyses of a long bone and its diaphysis is the | synchrondrosis. |
The structure of the knee joint permits movements of | flexion and extension. |
Which of the following is not among the structures that characterize synovial joints? | tendons |
Synovial joints are | freely movable. |
The joints between the articulating surfaces of the vertebral processes are classified as what type of joint? | gliding |
Which of the following is not a function of muscles? | storage |
The muscle’s ability to stretch or extend and to return to its resting length is called | extensibility. |
Which of the following is an example of a uniaxial joint? | elbow joint |
Synarthrotic joints are | immovable. |
Some synovial joints contain a closed pillow-like structure called a(n) | bursa. |
Which subtype of fibrous joints is found only in the skull? | suture |
The shoulder joint is an example of a _____ joint. | The shoulder joint is an example of all of these. |
A contraction in which muscle length remains the same but muscle tension increases is called an | isometric contraction. |
The energy required for muscular contraction is obtained by hydrolysis of | ATP |
The strength of a muscle contraction is influenced by the: | amount of load, initial length of muscle fibers, and recruitment of motor units. |
Kicking a football is accomplished by knee: | extension |
Which type of muscle does not have T-tubules? | smooth |
Which joint allows for the widest range of movement? | ball and socket |
The largest and most frequently injured joint is the: | knee |
Glucose can be stored in the muscle as: | Glycogen |
Tilting the foot upward, decreasing the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg, is called: | dorsiflexion |
Which joint allows for the most movement? | ball and socket |
Cross-bridges are also called: | myosin heads. |
Which of the following is not one of the major functions of muscles? | protection |
Which type of joint joins the two pubic bones together? | Symphysis |
The rotator cuff muscles and tendons form a cufflike arrangement around the _____ joint. | shoulder |
The type of movement possible at a synovial joint depends on the: | shape of the articulating surfaces of the bones. |
During which phase of the twitch contraction is there a triggering of the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm? | Latent period |
The opposite of eversion is: | none of the above |
All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction except: | movement is produced. |
Endurance training is also known as: | aerobic training. |
Muscle contractions will continue as long as: | the calcium ions are attached to the troponin. |
Most body movements are _____ contractions. | isotonic |
The chief function of the T-tubules is to: | allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell. |
Which joint allows for a unique movement called opposition? | saddle |
An example of a hinge joint is(are) the: | interphalangeal joints. |
A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but the length changes is called a(n) _____ contraction. | isotonic |
Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is incorrect? | Cardiac muscle requires nervous stimulation to contract. |
The type of movement that occurs when the head is dropped to the shoulder, then to the chest, to the other shoulder, and toward the back is: | circumduction. |
All of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle except: | thin and thick filaments are aligned in sarcomeres like skeletal muscles. |
Moving a body part away from the medial plane of the body is called: | abduction |
The ability of muscle cells to respond to nerve stimuli is called: | irritability. |
White fibers are also called _____ fibers. | fast |
The knee joint is an example of a _____ joint. | hinge |
Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction? | Isometric |
Stretching the foot down and back and pointing the toe is called: | plantar flexion. |
Skeletal muscles are innervated by: | somatic motor neurons. |
Physiological muscle fatigue may be caused by: | a relative lack of ATP, high levels of lactate, and failure of the sodium-potassium pumps. |
Thick myofilaments extend the length of the: | A-band |
Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions? | Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
The first event to occur in muscle relaxation is that: | the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs. |
the sarcoplasmic reticulum begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs. | The body temperature set point is established by the hypothalamus, Shivering will increase body temperature, and Body temperature functions on a negative-feedback mechanism. |
An example of a pivot joint is(are) the: | head of the radius articulating with the ulna. |
In terms of function, which is considered an immovable joint? | Synarthrosis |
A condyloid joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint. | biaxial |
After it is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein? | Troponin |
Rotator cuff surgery is performed quite commonly on professional baseball players, especially pitchers. Evidently, the throwing motion places enormous stress on the: | shoulder |
The substance that attracts oxygen in the myoglobin molecule is: | iron |
What are the most movable joints in the body? | Synovial |