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Science chap.14
Energy for Keeping Alive: Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amino acids | any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino group, –NH2, and one carboxyl group, –COOH: the alpha-amino acids, RCH(NH2)COOH, are the building blocks from which proteins are constructed |
| balanced diet | a diet consisting of the proper quantities and proportions of foods needed to maintain health or growth |
| calorie | a quantity of food capable of producing such an amount of energy |
| carbohydrates | an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals |
| deficiency disease | any illness associated with an insufficient supply of one or more essential dietary constituents |
| enriched food | a food to which vitamins have been added |
| fats | any of several white or yellowish greasy substances, forming the chief part of adipose tissue of animals and also occurring in plants, that when pure are colorless, odorless, and tasteless and are either solid or liquid esters of glycerol with fatty acids |
| fiber | the structural part of plants and plant products that consists of carbohydrates, as cellulose and pectin, that are wholly or partially indigestible and when eaten stimulate peristalsis in the intestine. |
| glycogen | a white, tasteless polysaccharide, (C6H10O5)n, molecularly similar to starch, constituting the principal carbohydrate storage material in animals and occurring chiefly in the liver, in muscle, and in fungi and yeasts |
| kilocalories | one thousand small calories |
| malnutrition | lack of proper nutrition; inadequate or unbalanced nutrition |
| mineral salts | elements needed by the body for building tissues and aiding enzyme actions |
| nutrients | any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue |
| oils | any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants; a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water |
| proteins | any of numerous, highly varied organic molecules constituting a large portion of the mass of every life form and necessary in the diet of all animals and other nonphotosynthesizing organisms, composed of 20 or more amino acids |
| roughage | any coarse, fiber |
| vitamins | any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism, found in minute amounts in natural foodstuffs or sometimes produced synthetically |
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