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Muscle Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscle fiber | A single muscle cell |
| skeletal muscle | The strongest type of muscle. Has visible striations. Voluntary control. Found in muscles that move your skeleton. |
| smooth muscle | The type of muscle that is weak but does not fatigue. Involuntary control. Found around digestive tract and blood vessels. |
| cardiac muscle | The type of muscle that makes up your heart. Involuntary control. |
| actin and myosin | The proteins that make up muscles and allow for contractions. |
| fast twitch fiber | This type of skeletal muscle is stronger, but fatigues quickly. It has a higher concentration of actin and myosin, and greater stores of glucose and glycogen. |
| slow-twitch fiber | This type of skeletal muscle is weaker but has more endurance. It has greater blood supply and more mitochondria. |
| fascicle | A bundle of muscle fibers. |
| flex | Forward/backward movement that bends body parts closer together. |
| extend | Forward/backward movement that straightens body parts out or moves them farther apart. |
| abduct | Sideways movement of limbs away from the center of the body. |
| adduct | Sideways movement of limbs towards the center of the body. |
| muscle strain | When a muscle is stretched or torn. |
| contusion | Hard impact to a muscle leading to internal bleeding and discoloration. |
| muscle cramp | Muscle pain related to misfiring of motor neurons when overused. |
| how to treat a muscle cramp | Massage, stay hydrated, stretch, sport drinks, epsom salt bath. |
| muscle soreness (DOMS) | Microscopic tears in muscle fibers leading to inflammation and pain 1-3 days after exercise. |
| how to prevent sore muscles. | Caffeine, snacks, stretch, warm-up and cool down, keep moving after exercise, stay hydrated, sports drinks |
| hernia | When a small tear in muscle or body cavity membrane allows intestine to squeeze through. Usually happens during heavy lifting. |
| how to treat a hernia | Suture the torn muscle with a piece of mesh. |
| myosatellite cells | Stem cells that help repair damaged muscle tissue |
| muscle atrophy | Loss of muscle strength due to lack of exercise. |
| aerobic respiration | Uses oxygen to break down sugar. This process is slower but gets more energy out of the sugar which allows for endurance activity. |
| anaerobic respiration | Does not use oxygen to break down sugar. This process is faster but it runs out of sugar and fatigues quickly. |
| vO2max | The maximum rate at which the body can get oxygen from the lungs to be used by the muscles. |
| lactate threshold | How hard you can exercise before becoming fatigued. It's the point at which your muscles are producing more lactate than they can remove. |
| average vO2max for an athlete | 60-90 ml/kg*min |
| tendon | Attaches muscle to bone. Made of dense collagen protein fibers. |
| ligament | Attaches bone to bone around joints. Made of dense collagen protein fibers. |
| motor unit | The group of muscle fibers that are stimulated by a single neuron. |
| average vO2max for non-athlete | 40ml/kg*min |
Created by:
buchwalder
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