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Chapter 5 pharm
pharmacology for nurses (Adams)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | the process of moving a drug across body membranes |
| affinity | chemical attraction that impels certain molecules to unite with others to form complexes. |
| blood-brain barrier | anatomical structure that prevents certain substances from gaining access to the brain |
| conjugates | side chains that, during metabolism, make drugs more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidney. |
| distribution | the process of transporting drugs through the body. |
| drug-protein complex | drug that has bound reversibly to plasma proteins, particularly albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to body tissues. |
| enterohepatic recirculation | recycling of drugs and other substances by the circulation of bile through the intestine and liver. |
| enzyme induction | process in which a drug changes the function of the hepatic microsomial enzymes and increases metabolic activity in the liver. |
| excretion | the process of removing substances from the body |
| fetal-placental barrier | special anatomical structure that inhibits many chemicals and drugs from entering the fetus. |
| first-pass effect | mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation |
| hepatic microsomial enzyme system | as it relates to pharmacotherapy, liver enzymes that inactivate drugs and accelerate their excretion; sometimes called the P-450 system |
| loading dose | comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to rapidly obtain the therapeutic effect of a drug |
| maintenance dose | dose that keeps the plasma drug concentration continuously in the therapeutic range |
| metabolism | total of all biochemical reactions in the body |
| minimum effective concentration | the amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect. |
| pharmokinetics | the study of how drugs are handled by the body. |
| plasma half-life (t1/2) | the length of time required for a drug to decrease its concentration in the plasma by one-half after administration |
| prodrug | the drug that becomes more active after metabolized |
| therapeutic range | the dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effects |
| toxic concentration | level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects |
Created by:
myt1462
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