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Reproduction
Biology (10)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anaphase | stage of mitosis during which sister chromatids are separated from each other |
| binary fission | prokaryotic cell division process |
| cell cycle | ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells |
| cell-cycle checkpoint | mechanism that monitors the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the various cell-cycle stages |
| chromatid | single DNA molecule of two strands of duplicated DNA and associated proteins held together at the centromere |
| G0 phase | distinct from the G1 phase of interphase; a cell in G0 is not preparing to divide |
| G1 phase | first phase of interphase centered on cell growth during mitosis |
| G2 phase | third phase of interphase during which the cell undergoes final preparations for mitosis |
| gamete | haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm, pollen grain, or egg) |
| haploid | cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n) |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes of the same morphology with genes in the same location; diploid organisms have pairs of homologous chromosomes (homologs), with each homolog derived from a different parent |
| interphase | period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis; includes G1, S, and G2 phases (the interim period between two consecutive cell divisions) |
| metaphase | stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate |
| mitosis | period of the cell cycle during which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| prophase | stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form |
| S phase | second, or synthesis, stage of interphase during which DNA replication occurs |
| asexual reproduction | form of reproduction that produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| budding | form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell leading to a separation from the original animal into two individuals |
| estrogen | reproductive hormone in females that assists in endometrial regrowth, ovulation, and calcium absorption |
| external fertilization | fertilization of egg by sperm outside animal body, often during spawning |
| binary fission | method by which multicellular organisms increase in size or asexual reproduction in which a unicellular organism splits into two separate organisms by mitosis |
| fragmentation | cutting or fragmenting of the original animal into parts and the growth of a separate animal from each part |
| internal fertilization | fertilization of egg by sperm inside the body of the female |
| menopause | loss of reproductive capacity in women due to decreased sensitivity of the ovaries to FSH and LH |
| menstrual cycle | cycle of the degradation and regrowth of the endometrium |
| fallopian tube | muscular tube connecting the uterus with the ovary area |
| placenta | organ that supports the diffusion of nutrients and waste between the mother’s and fetus’ blood |
| sexual reproduction | mixing of genetic material from two individuals to produce genetically unique offspring |
| testes | pair of reproductive organs in males that produces sperm |
| testosterone | reproductive hormone in men that assists in sperm production and promoting secondary sexual characteristics |
| uterus | environment for developing embryo and fetus |
| life cycle | a series of stages through which an organism passes during its lifetime |
| metamorphosis | the process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages |
| pollen | microscopic grains discharged from the male part of a flower |
| pistil | the female organs of a flower, comprising the stigma, style, and ovary |
| anther | the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen and is usually borne on a stalk |
| seeds | a flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant |
| ovum | scientific name for egg cell, the female haploid reproductive cell. |
| sperm | the male haploid reproductive cell. |
| gametes | reproductive cells such as ovum or sperm |
| zygote | a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| somatic cell | any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores |
| genetic variation | diversity of gene frequencies within a population's genetic pool |
| crossing over | the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring |
| independent assortment | genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cell formation, thereby each reproductive cell has an unique combination of genes |
| embryo | an unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, in particular a human offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after fertilization |
| fetus | an unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception |
| placenta | an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to your growing baby and removes waste products from your baby's blood. |
Created by:
haqcyn
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