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biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do food chains show | Food chains shows the energy transfer from one organism to the next. |
| what is a producer | Food chains always start with a plant – the Producer |
| what are consumer | All animals are consumers |
| what are primary consumers | Primary consumers are animals that eat producers |
| what are secondary consumers | Secondary consumers eat primary consumers |
| what are teritary consumers | Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers |
| what are omnivores | Omnivores eat both plants and animals. |
| what are herbivores | an animal that feeds off plants |
| what are carnivores | an animal that feeds off of other animals |
| what do the arrows in a food chain show | The arrows in a food chains show which organism eats which, |
| what do the arrows in a food chain represent | The arrows in a food chains represent the flow of energy. |
| what is a food web | A food web is made up of many food chains and gives a more complete picture of how animals feed. |
| what is a trophic level | the levels of the foods chain |
| what is a predator | a predator is an animal which feeds on other organisms. |
| what is prey | prey is an animal eaten by another animal. |
| word equation for photosynthesis | carbon dioxide + water ---light--> glucose + oxygen chlorophyll |
| glucose storage | Glucose is stored in the plants cells as starch, until it is needed. |
| how to test a leaf for starch | - Put leaf in boiling water to kill it - Place leaf in ethanol to remove the green chlorophyll (turn off Bunsen as ethanol is flammable) - Place leaf in water to soften it - Place leaf on white tile and add iodine (Iodine goes from yellow/brown to blue |
| why is it nessesary to de-starch a plant before before carrying out an experiment to prove that light is need for photosynthesis | to prove that any starch present is as a result of photosynthesis taking place during the experiment. |
| how to de-starch a plant | Place the plant in a dark cupboard for 2 days. |
| Be able to explain and interpret results of an experiment that proves light is necessary for photosynthesis. (paper over part of leaf) | N/A |
| Be able to explain and interpret results of an experiment that proves that oxygen is produced by photosynthesis. (If a glowing splint is placed in oxygen, it will relight) | N/A |
| the factors that affect the rate of Photosynthesis | - The light - the brighter the light, the faster the rate of photosynthesis - The CO 2 concentration - the higher the CO 2 concentration, the faster the rate of photosynthesis - The temperature – the rate of photosynthesis is at its highest at 30 0 C - |
| the 7 food groups | carbs, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre |
| the function of carbohydrates and examples of food | to release energy, eg bread, potatoes |
| the function of fats and examples of food | to store energy and protect organs eg butter, lard from meat, sunflower oil. |
| the function of protein and examples of food | growth and tissue repair eg nuts, fish, chicken, eggs |
| the function of vitiman D and examples of food | healthy skin and prevents scurvy eg oranges, lemons |
| the function of vitiman C and examples of food | healthy bones and teeth, and prevents rickets eg oily fish, red meat |
| the function of iron and examples of food | makes red blood cells and prevents anaemia eg spinach, red meat |
| the function of calcium and examples of food | strong bones and teeth eg cheese, milk |
| the function of fibre and examples of food | healthy digestive system and prevents constipation eg wholemeal bread & wholegrain cereals |
| the function of water and examples of food | for chemical reactions in cells, sweat and blood. |
| food test for Carbohydrate starch | iodine colour change is from yellow/brown to blue/black if starch present |
| food test for Carbohydrate glucose | Benedict’s reagent (place with food in water bath) colour change is from blue to brick red if glucose is present (green if a little glucose present) |
| food test for protein | Biuret reagent (sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate) colour change is from pale blue to purple if protein is present |
| food test for vitiman C | DCPIP (count the number of drops of juice needed to decolourise it) colour change – the DCPIP will change from dark blue to colourless |
| what is a balanced diet | A balanced diet contains the correct amounts of each food group. |
| what is malnutrition | Malnutrition occurs if a person eats an unbalanced diet lacking one or more nutrients or too much of one particular nutrient. |
| what is obesity | Obesity occurs when a person consumes more energy than they use. |
| what is starvation | |
| be able to label the digestive system | N/A |
| ingestion | taking food into the mouth |
| digestion | large food molecules are broken down into small soluble food molecules |
| absorption | the soluble molecules are absorbed from the small intestine into the blood |
| egestion | the undigested waste food is removed from the body |
| digestion enzymes | break down large food molecules into small soluble food molecules |
| amylase | breaks down starch to glucose |
| protease | breaks down protein to amino acids |
| lipase | breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol |
| what are the adaptations of the ileum (second part of small intestine) for absorption of small food molecules into the blood | long, thin, large network of blood capillaries |
| long | gives more time for absorption |
| thin | epithelium is only one cell thick – short distance for small molecules to diffuse into blood |
| villi | provide a large surface area |
| large intestine | - Water is absorbed from the undigested food - The remaining waste (faeces) is stored in rectum before it is egested from the body through the anus. |
| incisors | 8 teeth -for biting and cutting food |
| molars | 4 teeth – for holding and cutting food |
| premolars | 8 teeth – for crushing and chewing food |
| canines | 12 teeth – for crushing and chewing food |
| what are wisdom teeth | they are the teeth you get in your late teens |
| how many teeth do adults have | 28-32 |
| how many sets of teeth will you have during your life | 2 (milk and adult) |
| what is the outer surface of the tooth | enamel |
| what is inside the enamel | dentine |
| what is at the center of the tooth | pulp |
| what causes tooth decay | tooth decay is caused by bacteria that live in your mouth. they form a layer called plague over the surface of teeth and gums. |
| how do you prevent tooth decay | cut down on sugar, eat softer foods, brush your teeth twice a day |
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