Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CNS
Disorders and Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| seizure | caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the cerebral cortex (main portion of the brain), resulting in a change of behavior |
| convulsion | involuntary contraction or series of contractions, of the voluntary muscles |
| epilepsy | neurologic disorder characterized by sudden and recurring seizures, involves disturbances of neuronal electrical activity that interfere with normal brain function |
| causes of seizures | alcohol or drug withdrawal, epilepsy, high fever, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, infection, brain tumors, trauma or head injury |
| negatively charged ions | such as chloride, inhibit neuron firing |
| positively charged ions | such as sodium and calcium, increase neuron firing |
| glutamate | excitatory neurotransmitter |
| GABA | inhibitory neurotransmitter |
| partial seizure | localized in a specific hemisphere of the brain, generally a result from injury to the cerebral cortex |
| simple partial seizure | twitching and sensory hallucinations, no loss of consciousness |
| complex partial seizure | blank stare, postseizure amnesia with impaired consciousness often with confusion |
| generalized seizures | simultaneous malfunction in both hemispheres of the brain and has no local origin |
| tonic-clonic seizure (FKA Grand mal seizure) | muscle rigidity followed by muscle jerks with shallow breathing, loss of bladder control, excess salivation |
| status epilepticus | tonic-clonic convulsions, high fever, lack of oxygen severe enough to cause brain damage or death, with or without loss of consciousness |
| absence seizure (FKA petit mal seizure) | blank stare, rotating eyes, uncontrolled facial movements but no generalized convulsions, chewing, rapid blinking, can occur as often as 100 attacks a day |
| aura | premonition of attack through unusual sensations of light, sound, and taste |
| myoclonic seizure | sudden, massive, brief muscle jerks or nonmassive, quick jerks of the arms, hands, legs or feet; consciousness not lost, can occur during sleep |
| atonic seizure | sudden loss of muscle tone and consciousness |
| sodium channel blockers | MOA: block sodium in the fast sodium channels, decreases inappropriate firing of neurons; most common MOA of anticonvulsants |
| calcium channel blockers | MOA: block calcium channels, decreases inappropriate firing of neurons |
| GABA enhancers | MOA: inhibitory neurotransmitter, increase GABA= anticonvulsant; decrease GABA= proconvulsant |
| glutamate inhibitors | MOA: excitatory neurotransmitter, ldecrease glutamate= anticonvulsant; increase glutamate= proconvulsant |
| monotherapy | single drug therapy at a low dose, increase dose gradually over 3-4 weeks until seizures are controlled or adverse side effects occur; |
| combination therapy or polytherapy | using two or more drugs from different classes; common among patients with severe forms of epilepsy |
| antiepileptic drugs | usually seizure type specific, may control one type of seizure but exacerbate another type. |
| anticonvulsant drugs | drugs used to control seizures, relatively narrow therapeutic ranges, factors that effect bioavailability: storage conditions, drug's physical and chemical characteristics, dosage form, patient's physical condition, drug interactions; medication guide |
Created by:
ChemeketaPHM2021
Popular Pharmacology sets