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B- Unit 5 Lesson 4

Genetic Variation from Errors

TermDefinition
DNA double-stranded molecule that carries genetic information
DNA polymerase an enzyme that plays a critical role in placing nucleotides in the correct order
inheritable genetic variations changes in genetic material that can be passed to offspring
mutation a change in a DNA sequence
replication the copying of genetic material
viable errors changes that can be passed to living offspring
cell theory all organisms are made of cells and they come from pre-existing cells
substitution mutation a nucleotide base is replaced with the wrong corresponding pair
insertion mutation add extra base pairs to the DNA sequence making it longer than it should be to code specific proteins
frameshift mutation adding or removing base pairs so that the DNA sequence can no longer be put into exact triplets
point deletion when one base is deleted in the DNA sequence which can lead to incorrect protein synthesis
epigenetic changes DNA modification that do not affect the sequence but the expression of certain genes
epigenome made of compounds and proteins that attach to DNA and an affect which genes are turned "on" or "off" in the production of certain proteins
methylation the attaching of methyl groups (made of one carbon and three hydrogen) to DNA to regulate gene expression
under-methylation having too few methyl groups to help regulate gene expression that can lead to neurological symptoms and disorders
over-methylation having too many methyl groups trying to regulate gene expression that can lead to neurological symptoms and disorders
meiosis process to create new sex cells
Created by: atrang
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