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CH 38 MOD IV
CH 38 Digestive disorders: Diagnostic and Lab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type of radiograph that examines the esophagus and stomach | UGI or GI barium swallow |
| Barium swallow: Pre-op | inform pt of procedure, will swallow barium. NPO 6-8 hrs before. RADIOGRAPH REPEATED 6 hrs later to see how much barium passed stomach |
| Barium swallow pre-op: - how long is pt on NPO | 6-8hrs |
| Barium swallow pre-op: Why are more films repeated later? How many hours until the film is repeated? | 6 hrs after the radiograph the film is repeated to see if barium passed stomach |
| Barium swallow post-op: Stool? Laxatives? What to provide? | monitor stool for the next 2 days to see white in stool indicating barium is passing, normal stool returns in 3 days; laxative MAY be ordered; Provide: food, fluids, rest |
| What does a small bowel series do? | detect abnormalities of small intestines |
| Small bowel series pre-op: Summary | drink contrast, films taken 20-30 mins. intervals, pt. put in different positions, may take several hours. NPO same as UGI series |
| Small bowel series pre-op: solution is through enema or oral? | oral |
| Small bowel series pre-op: how many min. between intervals are films taken? | 20-30 mins as barium goes down esophagus |
| Small bowel series pre-op: What position is pt. in? | various |
| Small bowel series pre-op: how long will the op last | several hours |
| Small bowel series pre-op: NPO status? | same as UGI series |
| Small bowel series post-op: | same as UGI |
| a radiography that detects large intestine abnormalities: | Barium enema |
| Barium enema pre-op: what position is the pt in? | various |
| Barium enema pre-op: how long is the procedure | 1 1/2 hrs |
| Barium enema pre-op: NPO status | NPO at midnight |
| Barium enema pre-op: what about clear liquids | maybe restricted to clear liquids a day or night before procedure |
| Barium enema pre-op: when are laxatives given? | laxatives and enemas are given on day before |
| Barium enema pre-op: how many times are enemas given | until intestines is clear on the morning of procedure |
| Barium enema pre-op: summary | NPO: clear liquids ok day or night before, NPO is generally midnight; Laxatives and enemas given day before; various positions; enemas given til intestines are clear the morning of procedure; can take 1 1/2 hrs |
| Barium enama post op: | same as UGI series |
| What did Mrs. GV tell use about CT scan? | takes 3D viewing; give dilute or barium; shows masses |
| Endoscopy: what is the most serious complication? | perforation/puncture |
| Do endoscopy procedures need signed consent | book says "may be required"...I say it is always required since it is invasive and has major complicatons |
| Upper GI tract Endoscopic tests: NPO? Sedatives? | NPO 6-8; sedativew given shortly before exam IF ordred. |
| What does the EGD stand for? What did Mrs. GV say it views? what did she say about sedation? NPO? | Esophagastroduodenoscopy; visualzes esophagus, stomach, duedunum; twilight sedation; NPO 8-12 hrs before but she said ALL ARE NPO AFTER MIDNIGHT |
| Upper GI tract Endoscopic tests-post op: | NPO gag reflex return; monitor for trauma, perforation |
| Upper GI tract Endoscopic tests-post op: what are the signs of trauma | bleeding from throat or rectum |
| Upper GI tract Endoscopic tests-post op: s/sx of perforation | fever, abdominal distention, cramping pain, vague discomfort |
| Lower GI tract Endoscopic test: name 3 types | colonoscopy; proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy |
| what does the proctoscopy view? | rectum (proct = rectum) |
| what does sigmoidoscopy view? | rectum and sigmoid colon |
| Lower GI tract Endoscopic test: Colonoscopy and protoscopy pre-op | NPO 6-8 hrs; may restrict to clear fluids day before; bowel cleansing night before; enema given in the morning til colon is clear |
| Colonoscopy and protoscopy,Sigmoidoscopy pre-op: pre-op----what is given for bowel cleansing | cathertics; suppositories; enemas |
| Endocopic test (lower) post-op | monitor for s/sx of perforation; assess for rectal bleeding |
| Transmits images via capsule | capsule endoscopy |
| What is capsule endoscopy especially useful for: | small intestines |
| Capsule endoscopy may detect ____ bowel disease, abnormal ____ bleeding, small bowel ___, ___disorders, inflammation caused by ___ and ___ | inflammatory, GI, tumors, malabsorption, NSAIDS or radiotherapy |
| capsule endoscopy pre-op: For small bowel study how long is the fasting? | 10 hrs overnight |
| capsule endoscopy pre-op: bowel prep? | varies w/ agencies |
| capsule endoscopy pre-op: how long do you fast for esophagus study | 2 hrs |
| capsule endoscopy pre-op: what is given when capsule is swallowed? what is it for? | simenthicone: reduce bubbles and improve visualizations |
| capsule endoscopy post op: how is capsule eliminated | painless in stool |
| capsule endoscopy post op: What special care is needed? | none |
| capsule endoscopy post op: If small intestines are obstructed what can happen? What measures are taken? | lodge at site; surgical removal |
| capsule endoscopy: how big is the capsule | size of a vitamin tablet |
| capsule endoscopy abdominal studies: is pt. hospitalized | no, can go about ADLs as device to detect capsule is worn on a belt |
| capsule endoscopy for esophagus: describe procedure | pt swallows capsule in supine; gradually raised to sitting position: takes 2 hrs. |
| The most important lab studies for GI are performed on what two things? | gastric secretions and stool specimens |
| name two gastric analysis tests | basal secretion test and gastric acid stimulation test |
| What does basal secretions measure? | HCl and pepsin secreted in stomach |
| basal secretion: NPO? | 12 hrs |
| basal secretions: what is inserted and what is aspirated? | NG tube; stomach contents aspirated |
| basal secretions: how long are the intervals of aspiration apart? How long will the aspiration continue? what happens to the aspirated content? | 15-min for an hour; specimen are collected seperately |
| basal secretion post op care:" | resume meals and medications, offer comfort, remove tube |
| Gastric acid stim test: acids increase indicates what condition? decrease indicates what condition? | increase = ulcers; decrease = gastric cancer |
| gastric acid pre op: summary | same as basal: NG tube, NPO 12 hrs, 15-min intervals of aspiration, drug given to stimulate secretions |
| gastric acid post op: | same as basal |
| what medicine is given for gastric acid stim test? | pentagastrin/Paptavlon |
| tubeless gastric analysis detects? | presence of HCl |
| explain tubeless gastric analysis test procedure: | gastric stimulant is given; then a resin dye orally. Dye reacts w/ HCl to be released. If dye appears in urine 2 hrs. later, then there is HCl present in the stomach |
| Stool examination rules: Collect specimen in what kind of container? | clean and dry |
| Stool examination rules: what of urine? | do not collect w/ specimen because it destroys parasites |
| Stool examination rules: bathroom tissue | do not put in container, contains bismuth which interferes w/ some tests |
| Stool examination rules: deliver specimen when? | immediately |
| Stool examination rules: if temporary storage is needed what do you do w/ ova and parasites; how about pathogens? | ova/parasites = warm temp; pathogens = refrigeration |
| Stool examination rules: when stool is being tested for occult blood what should the pt not eat | red meat for 2 - 3 days: interferes w/ test |
| Stool examination rules: drugs that interfere are---name 4 types | salicylates, ascorbi acid, anticoagulants, steroids |
| Stool examination rules: what do you w/ visible blood or mucus in stool? | include in specimen |
Created by:
Jgar2007
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