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Breast Disorders:

Breast Disorders: The Reproductive System

QuestionAnswer
Screening guidelines for the early detection of breast cancer include: 1. Yearly mammograms starting at age 40; 2. Clinical breast exam abt every 3 yrs for women ages 20 to 30; 3. Report any changes in breasts to HCP; 4. Women at increased risk start everything early.
What is a Mammography? a method used to visualize the internal structure of the breast using x-rays.
How long does it take for a tumor to grow and what size would it be? 10 yrs or longer to grow a 1cm tumor
What % of breast cancers cannot be detected by mammogram? 10 - 15%
How many passes are made in a FNA biopsy? Three or four are made by inserting a needle into the lesion and aspirating cellular fluid into a a syringe.
What is Mastalgia? Breast pain that is the most common breast-related complaint in women. It affects up to 70% of all women at some time in thier lives.
What is the most common form of mastalgia? Cyclic Mastalgia; which coincides with the menstrual cycle. Described as diffuse breast tenderness or heaviness. Pain may last 2-3 days and is related to hormonal sensitivity.
What is the other form of mastalgia? Noncyclic Mastalgia; no relationship with cycle and can continue through menopause. May be constant or internittent. S/S burning, aching, or soreness in the breast due to trauma, fat necrosis, or ductal ectasia.
What can relieve Mastalgia? caffeine and dietary fat reduction; taking Vitamins e, a, and b complex and gamma-linolenic acid, continual wear of a support bra. Hormonal therapy maybe recommended. Oral contraceptives and Danazol.
What is Mastitis? An inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently in lactating women.
What is Lactational Mastitis? a localized area that is erythematous, painful, and tender to palpation. Fever is usually present. Warm to the touch; indurate;usually unilateral;most common etiology is staphylococuss aureus
What is a lactational breast abcess? in this condition, the skin may become red and edematous over the involved breast, often with a corresponding palpable mass, and the pt may have elevated temp. Ultrasound-guided drainage or surgical incision and drainage are necessary.
What is fibrocystic changes? A benign condition characterized by changes in breast tissue; development of excess fibrous tissue, hyperplasia of the lining of the mammary ducts, proliferation of mammary ducts and cyst formation.
What age does this usually occur? occurs frequently in women between the ages of 35 and 50 yrs old. Sometimes young as 20.
When does the pain and nodularity subside? The pain increases over time but starts to subside after menopause unless high doses of estrogen replacement are used.
What are the causes of these fibrocystic changes? heightened responsiveness of breast tissue and stroma to circulation estrogen and progesterone.
Who do these changes usually occur in? premenstrual abnormalities, nulliparous women, women with a history of spontaneous abortions, nonusers of oral contraceptives, and women with early menarche and late menopause.
Manifestations of fibrocystic breasts include: one or more palpable lumps that are usually round, well delineated, and freely movable in the breast.
Nipple discharge is usually? milkly, watery-milky, yellow or green
Types of treatment for fibrocystic breasts: a good support bra, dietary therapy, vitamin E therapy, analgesics, danazol, diuretics, hormone therapy, and antiestrogen therapy. Reduction of strees.
Role of the nurse? Teaching. May expect recurrence of the cysts in one or both breasts until menopause and that the cysts may enlarge or become painful just before menstruation. Cysts do not turn into cancer. New lumps,longer than 2wks, see hcp.
Created by: 100000108943698
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