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Semester 2 Final
Spring Semester SY2020-21
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| reproduction | process of producing offspring |
| mitosis | cell division producing two genetically identical offspring |
| fertilization | joining of male and female gametes |
| gamete | sex cell (egg/sperm cell) |
| zygote | cell formed in fertilization |
| meiosis | cell division producing sex cells |
| offspring | a new organism formed as a result of a reproductive process |
| trait | a characteristic that can be inherited |
| Dominant | the form of a trait that will hide another |
| recessive | the form of a trait that will be hidden by another |
| phenotype | the physical expression of both genes for one trait (how they are displayed) |
| genotype | the gene combination for one trait |
| homozygous | if both alleles for one trait are the same |
| heterozygous | if both alleles for one trait are different |
| base | each part of the DNA code |
| mRNA | molecule carrying the DNA code out of the nucleus |
| amino acid | the 20 different molecules that make up proteins |
| protein | molecules built based on DNA code; carry out functions in the body and build body structures |
| gene | a stretch of DNA that give code for one protein |
| mutation | a change to DNA sequence or chromosomes |
| evolution | organisms acquiring adaptations over time |
| ancestor | an early type of organism from which others have evolved |
| behavioral adaptation | an action that helps an organism survive & reproduce in its environment |
| structural adaptation | a physical feature that helps survive & reproduce in its environment |
| species | a group of organisms that can interbreed and have fertile offspring |
| environmental (selective) pressure | the feature that determines which variations survive & reproduce and which do not |
| variations | different visible forms of a trait in an organism |
| isolation | when groups of the same species become separated by an event |
| embryo | developing (unborn) offspring of a vertebrate |
| homologous structure | parts with similar structures from a common ancestor that may have different appearances due to adapting for different functions |
| analogous structure | parts that adapted for similar functions but did not come from a common ancestor |
| vestigial structure | parts that do not have a function in an organism |
| cladogram | a branching tree diagram that shows evolutionary relationships |
| derived characteristic | a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a particular lineage and was passed along to its descendants |
| node | a place on a cladogram where a branch/split occurs |
| invertebrate | organisms without a backbone |
| vertebrate | organisms with a backbone (fish |
| bilateral symmetry | having two equal sides that are mirror images of one another |
| radial symmetry | having a central point with repeated sections going around |
| dichotomous key | a series of opposing statements used to classify or identify a specimen |
Created by:
doakes27
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