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Final Exam Plants
Biol 105 (ch. 27-31)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Primary Growth | Growth in length |
| Endodermis | the innermost layer of of the cortex |
| Phloem | transport tissue that transports sugars from the leaves to where they are needed or stores (roots, leaves, fruits) |
| Lateral Root | A root that arises from the pericycle of an established root. |
| Guard Cells | regulate the opening and closing of pore |
| Xylem | conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots. |
| Indeterminate growth | when an organism continues growing throughout its life |
| Root hairs | thin, finger-like projections for absorption in plants |
| Turgid | Greater solute concentration than its surroundings; very firm |
| Transpiration | the loss of water vapor from leaves and other aerial parts of the plant |
| Humus | remains of dead organisms and other organic matter |
| Rhizobacteria | A soil bacterium whose population size is much enhanced in the rhizosphere, the soil region close to a plant’s roots |
| Osmosis | diffusion of free water |
| Aquaporins | transport proteins that move water across the plant cell membrane |
| Casparian strip | a belt made of suberin (a waxy material impervious to water/dissolved materials) that forces entering materials to cross an endodermal cell’s plasma membrane before it can continue to the vascular cylinder |
| Fertilization | The fusion of gametes, occurring after the two sperm reach the female gametophyte in plants |
| Biomass | the total mass of organic matter in a group of organisms in a particular habitat |
| Incomplete flower | lack sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels; sterile |
| Imbibition | The uptake of water by a seed or other structure, resulting in swelling. |
| Stigma | Sticky structure at the top of the style that captures pollen |
| Vegetative reproduction | an asexual reproduction method in plants |
| Biofuels | fuels derived from living biomass |
| Phototropism | specific term for the growth of a plant organ toward light or away from it |
| Circadian rhythm | cycles with a frequency of about 24 hours and not directly controlled by any known environmental variable |
| Vernalization | the use of pretreatment with cold to induce flowering |
| Tropism | general term for the growth response that results in the curvature of the whole plant's organ towards or away from stimuli due to differential rates of cell elongation. |
| Etiolation | The morphological adaptation for growing in the dark |
| Senescence | the programmed death of certain cells, tissues, or entire organisms |
| Effectors | pathogen |
| Photoperiodism | the physiological response to specific night or day lengths |
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