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Final Exam Animals
Biol 105 selected vocab terms (ch. 23-27)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mass extinction | Large numbers of species become extinct worldwide |
| Paedomorphosis | the sextually mature stage of a species may reatim bod features that were juvenile structures in an ancestral species |
| Heterochrony | an evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events |
| Homeotic (HOX) Genes | Any of the master regulatory genes that control pacment and special organization of body parts in animals, plants, and fungi by controlling developmental fate of groups of cells. |
| Adaptive Radiations | periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities |
| Plate tectonics | the continents are part of great plates of Earth’s crust that essentially float on the hot, underlying portion of the mantle. |
| Radiometric dating | dating technique based on the decay of radioactive isotopes |
| Paedomorphosis | when the development of reproductive organs accelerates as compared to other organs, causing the sexually mature stage of an organism to retain features that were juvenile structures in ancestral species |
| Extremophiles | “Lovers” of extreme conditions |
| Peptidoglycan | a polymer composed of modified sugars cross linked by short polypeptides |
| Fimbriae | hairlike appendages used by prokaryotes to stick to their substrate or each other |
| Endospores | A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by some bacterial cells when they are exposed to harsh conditions. |
| Extreme Thermophiles | Thrive in very hot environments |
| Taxis | a directed movement toward or away from a stimulus. |
| Nucleoid | region of cytoplasm in prokaryotes that is not membrane-enclosed, and contains a chromosome |
| Symbiosis | an ecological relationship in which two species live in close contact with one another |
| Endosymbiont theory | Mitochondria and plasmids were formerly small bacteria that began living within larger cells |
| Apicomplexans | a group of alveolates that includes protists that cause serious human diseases such as malaria |
| Serial endosymbiosis | hypothesis that supposes that mitochondria evolved before plastids |
| Endosymbiosis | A mutually beneficial relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism. |
| Producer | organisms that use energy from light to convert CO2 to organic compounds |
| Opisthokonts | extremely diverse group of eukaryotes that includes animals, fungi, and several groups of protists. |
| Endosymbiont theory | mitochondria and chloroplasts were small bacteria that began to live inside of larger cells |
| Consumer | organisms that depend on producers for food either directly (by eating them) or indirectly (by consuming an organism that ate the producer) |
| Apical Meristems | localised regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots |
| Stomata | specialized pores that support photosynthesis by allowing the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the outside air and the plant |
| Mycorrhizae | mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots |
| Xylem | Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots of the rest of the plant”. |
| Tracheids | tube shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots |
| Lichen | a symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism. |
| Chitin | a strong, flexible polysaccharide that reinforces cell walls |
| Mycelium | an interwoven mass of hyphae that grows into and absorbs nutrients from the material that the fungus needs |
| Body Plan | a particular set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole- the living animal |
| Body cavity | a fluid, or air-filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall; also known as the coelom |
| Visceral mass | part of a mollusc that contains most of the internal organs |
| Mesoderm | The middle primary germ layer in a triploblastic animal embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skelton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system in species that have these structures”. |
| Pharyngeal slits/clefts | Chordates have this feature, comprised of repeated opening caudal to the mouth |
| Endoderm | the innermost germ layer, gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract and to the (or cavity) and to the lining of organs such as the liver and lungs of vertebrates. |
| Filter feeders | draw water through their body to filter out suspended food particles |
| Notochord | a dorsal, hollow nerve cord |
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etucci
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