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bio211 thoracic lab
test for thoracic lab and oral cavity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what organs are found in the pleural cavity? | lungs |
| name cat lungs top to bottom and right side then left side of cat | Right superior, Right middle, Right inferior, Right mediastinal.... Left Superior, Left middle, Left inferior |
| what does the phrenic nerve do | innervate the diaphragm |
| name 3 organs found in the mediastinum | Heart, Thymus, Trachea |
| name the branches from the trachea into lungs, largest to smallest | Primary bronchi, Secondary bronchi, tertiary bonchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, then finally into alveolar sacs |
| what is a cleft palate? | incomplete closer of hard palate that developed before birth |
| what are the ridges on the hard palate called? what do they do? | rugae, help with food movement toward back of the mouth |
| what are the gums knows as? what is it called when the gums are inflammed? | gingiva,gingivitis |
| what classifications of teeth are there? | molars, incisors, canines |
| what do teeth do? | help with mechanical break down of food |
| what are the Eustachian tubes? what do they do? | tubes leading from the middle ears into the nasopharnyx. Help balance pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane |
| what does the uvula do? | swing upward when swallowing to prevent substances from entering the nasal cavity |
| what is the tongue? | a muscle |
| what are the 3 tonsils? what do the tonsils do? | palatine, lingual, adenoids,lymph tissue to help fight infections |
| what are the wharton's ducts also known as? | submandibular, submaxillary |
| another name for parotid duct | stensen's duct |
| where is the parotid gland? what inflammation of it is a symptom of? | behind and across the masseter m. mumps |
| the smallest salivary gland is the? where is it located? | sublingual,under the tongue |
| what is the vestibule area? | potential space between the teeth and cheek |
| what hold the tongue to the floor of the mouth? | lingual frenulum |
| what vein is located under the tongue? what special purpose does is server medically? | deep lingual vein,used to administer medicine quickly due to it's close proximity to the surface. |
| what is it called when the palatine tonsils are swollen? | tonsillitis |
| what are the papillae used for? | help with the movement of food. |
| Saliva help with digestion by? | Chemically breakdown of food. |
| The C shaped rings on the trachea do not connect on the anterior or dorsal side? | dorsal side |
| the pericardium consists of A. visceral layer B. Parietal layer C. Pericardial Layer D. both A and B | D. both the visceral and parietal layer |
| what is the mediastinum? | compartmental space between the lungs. |
| what is the diaphragm? what does it do? | a muscle,help with breathing |
| what muscles are associated with breathing? | internal intercostal m. and diaphragm |
| what type of cells make up the majority of the trachea? what type of cells make up the alveolar ducts? | Psuedostratified ciliated epithelium,simple squamous epithelium |
| why are arteries dyed red and veins dyed blue on models? | arteries are red to give a presence of oxygenated blood,Veins are blue to give a presence of deeoxygenated blood. |
| what does the thymus do? what happens to it as the animal ages? | it functions in immunity,it decreases with size as the animal ages. |
| what is the largest gland in the mouth? | Parotid gland |
| what m. is used for mastication? | masseter m. |
| what is also known as the throat? | pharynx |
| what is also known as the "wind pipe"? | trachea |
| what is also known as the voice box? | larynx |
| what does the epiglottis do? | swings cloes to prevent objects from entering the lower respiratory tract. |
| what does the soft palate do? | prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal cavity |
| what are the projections called on the tongue of the cat? What is there purpose? | filiform papillae,helps cat groom and eat. |
| what is the opening or arch at the back of the mouth called? | fauces |
| what are the openings into the nose called? | nares |
| what seperates the two nostrils? and what two bones are the made of? | the septum,perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and the vomer bone |
| what part of the body is shard by the respiratory and digestive tracts? | pharynx |
| name the structures of the uppers respiratory tract. | nose nasal, cavity ,pharynx |
| name the structures of the lower respiratory tract | larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs |
| what effect does the pharynx of on air? | warms cleans and moisturizes the air |
| name the structures that contain the vestibular and vocal folds? what purpose do they serve? | larynx,helps prevent objects from entering the trachea. responsible for speech |
| the vocal cords known as "true" vocal cords are named so because | they vibrate to produce sound |
| what are 2 functions of the respiratory system? | movement of air into and our of lung, exchange of gases.... or speech. |
| what is a food particle known as when it enters the esophogus? | bolus |
| what is a food known as when it starts to pass through the pyloric sphincter? | chyme |
| what is chewing known as? | mastication |
| what are the contractions that move food through the digestive system known as? | peristalsis |
| what are the folds in the stomach called? what 2 things do they do? | rugae increase surface area, allow for stomach to expand. |
| what 3 basic chemicals do the stomach release to aid in digestion? | hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, hormones |
| what does the digestive system do? | ingestion, digestion, absorption of food and elimination of solid wastes. |
| name the 3 parts of the small intestine from start to finish? | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| how is food absorbed into the small intestine? | through blood and lymph vessels located in the wall. |
| what does liver release to help with digestion? what does the pancreas release to help with digestion? | bile enzymes |
| name the 5 parts of the large intestine... what does the large intestine remove from wastes? | cecum, the ascending, transverse descending, and sigmoid colons water and salts are removed |
| where is wastes stored until the body is ready to finally eliminate the wastes? | rectum |
| what tells the body to eliminate the wastes | impules from n. stimulation tells the brain that it is full, and the brain sends signals to relax sphincter and eliminate the feces |
| what is the notch in the left lung called? | cardiac notch. |
| what is the tube called that moves food out of the pharnyx and into the stomach? | esophagus |
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