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Unit 6 vocab

Unit 6 Vocabulary-Rodriguez

DNA Replication the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
Replication Fork a region where a cell's DNA * double helix has been unwound and separated to create an area where DNA polymerases and the other enzymes involved can use each strand as a template to synthesize a new double helix.
Semiconservative - in regards to DNA replication the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells.
Alternative Splicing an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.
Exon a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.
Intron a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.
Splicing in molecular biology, is a form of RNA processing in which a newly made precursor messenger RNA transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA
Template Strand the strand used by DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase to attach complementary bases during DNA replication or RNA transcription
Transcription the process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template.
Codon a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Retrovirus any of a group of RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g. HIV.
Translation The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material into proteins.
Virus an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host.
Cell differentiation the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another.
Cell Specialization is a process that occurs after cell division where the newly formed cells are structurally modified so that they can perform their function efficiently and effectively.
Epigenetics the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence.
Gene Expression the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect.
Histone highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei.
operon a unit made up of linked genes which is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis.
Promoter a region of a DNA molecule which forms the site at which transcription of a gene starts.
Transcription Factor is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
Conjugation the fusion of two gametes, especially when they are of a similar size.
Host Cell a living cell invaded by or capable of being invaded by an infectious agent (such as a bacterium or a virus)
Sterility the quality or condition of being sterile.
Tranduction a mechanism of genetic recombination that occurs in bacteria where the incorporation of host cell DNA and the bacteriophage genetic material occurs, which results in the formation of recombinant DNA.
Transformation the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane
Transposition the transfer of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical gene transfer
Triploidy Triploid syndrome, also called triploidy, is a chromosomal disorder in which a fetus has three copies of every chromosome instead of the normal two.
Biotechnology a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products.
DNA Sequencing the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.
Electrophoresis the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field.
Genetic Engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) PCR is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it .
Created by: alondarod1
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