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Unit 5 Lesson 6
Mitosis in Complex Organisms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| differentiated cell | a cell that has changed form a less specialized to a more specialized cell type |
| differentiation | an increase in the specialization of a cell |
| extraembryonic cells | cells located outside the embryo |
| gene expression | the process in which instruction in DNA are used to produced a protein or other functional product |
| multipotent stem cell | a type of adult stem cell that can become many different types of specialized cells within a tissue or organ |
| pluripotent cells | the second type of stem cell to develop in an embryo |
| totipotent cells | the first stem cells to arise in a developing embryo |
| mitosis | produces cells needed for growth, development, replacement, or repair for eukaryotes |
| prophase | chromosomes condense; the nuclear membrane dissolves and mitotic spindle is formed |
| metaphase | the spindle lines up the captured chromosomes in the middle of the cell |
| anaphase | microtubules pull the replicating chromosomes apart, separating them into sister chromatids; then begin to move away from one another to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | each pair of sister chromatids finished moving to opposite sides of the cell; two new nuclei are formed |
| cytokinesis | the cytoplasm of the cell divides and separates, forming two new cells. |