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Unit 5 Lesson 2

Complex Organisms

TermDefinition
chromosome a structure within a cell that carries DNA; most chromosomes are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell; they are replicated during cell division
differentitation an increase in the specialization of a cell
DNA replication the process by which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical molecules
G1 phase first step of interphase; increase in water intake and protein synthesis; cells spend most of their time in G1
G2 phase third step of interphase; duplication of molecules, replenishing energy, and creating proteins needed for mitosis
homologous chromosomes chromosome pairs that are similar in length, centromere location, and gene position; may contain different alleles
interphase the process during which the cell begins to grow
mitosis a type of cell division in which a parent cell copies itself, resulting in two identical daughter cells; used in all cell growth except sexual reproduction
mitotic spindle small structure within the cell that will help organize the chromosomes
multipotent stem cell a type of adult stem cell that can become many different types of specialized cells within a tissue or organ
sister chromatids identical pairs of chromosomes formed during cellular replication
S phase second step interphase; new DNA is synthesized
prophase chromosomes condense; the nuclear membrane dissolves and mitotic spindle forms
metaphase the spindle lines up the captured chromosomes in the middle of the cell
anaphase microtubules pull the chromosomes apart, separating them into sister chromatids; then begin to move away from one another to opposite sides of the cell
telophase each pair of sister chromatids finishes moving to opposite sides of the cell; two new nuclei are formed
cytokinesis the cytoplasm of the cell divides and separates, forming two new cells
Created by: atrang
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