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Unit 3 Lesson 6
Cell Structures
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cells | the smallest unit of life that displays all of the characteristics of life |
| eukaryote | a type of cell that contains membrane-bound organelles |
| membrane-bound organelle | an organelle that is enclosed by a membrane |
| organelle | a small structure within a cell that performs a specific function, similar to organs in the body |
| prokaryote | a type of cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles |
| cytoplasm | a gel-like fluid that fills a cell that allows organelles to move freely through the cell |
| cell wall | a stiff layer of cellulose outside of a plant cell membrane that gives structure and support to the cell |
| cell membrane | a lipid bilayer outside of the cytoplasm of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| nucleus | serves as the control center of the cell and contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) |
| mitochondria | serves as the energy-producing structure of the cell and location of cellular respiration |
| chloroplast | serves as the site of sugar production in plant cells; captures light for photosynthesis |
| ribosome | floats in the cytoplasm or attaches to ER and is site of protein synthesis |
| lysosome | serves as the sites of cellular digestion and contains digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cell parts |
| endoplasmic reticulum | makes, folds, changes, and moves proteins around the cell |
| golgi apparatus | packages proteins and other materials into vesicles to be inserted into a membrane, packaged into an organelle, or shipped to the outside of the cell |
| vacuole | serves as a storage area; plants have a central vacuole that stores water |