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Unit 2 Lesson 4

How Cells Make Proteins

TermDefinition
amino acids a small molecule that makes up a protein
codon a sequence of three bases that form a unit of genetic code in mRNA
chromosome a threadlike structure in the cell that contains DNA
cytoplasm a jellylike matrix of water, salts, proteins, and other materials within cells that allows for the flow of nutrients and organelles throughout the cell
DNA a nucleic acid molecule that contains genes
eurkaryotic cell a type of cell that contains membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus
gene a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein
genetic code a code used by all known organisms that translates mRNA codons into amino acids
mRNA a nucleic acid that carries the genetic code from DNA to a ribosome
polypeptide a chain of amino acids formed during translation that will fold into a certain shape to make a protein
prokaryotic cell a type of cell that does not contain membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus
protein a large molecule that has many structural and functional purposes in cells
RNA polymerase enzyme involved in making mRNA
transcription the process that makes mRNA
translation the process that produces a polypeptide chain from mRNA
tRNA a type of RNA molecule that decodes the mRNA sequence into a protein
ribosome an organelle that synthesizes proteins
rRNA a type of RNA, called ribosomal RNA, that is part of the ribosome
Created by: atrang
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