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Unit 2 Lesson 2
Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| allele | a version of a gene that codes for a different phenotype of a trait |
| chromatin | a material consisting of strings of nucleosomes that are wrapped together to form a rope-like structure in eukaryotes |
| chromosome | a thread-like structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA wrapped around proteins called histones |
| deoxyribose | a sugar that forms the backbone of a DNA molecule |
| DNA | a nucleic acid molecule that contains genes |
| dominant | a trait that can be expressed with only one copy of the allele of a gene |
| eukaryote | a type of cell that contains membrane-bound organelles like a nucleus |
| gene | a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a protein |
| nitrogenous base | a part of the nucleotide that contains carbon rings with nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen; there are four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine |
| nucleosome | a bead-like structure formed when DNA is wrapped around a single group of histone proteins in eukaryoes |
| nucleotide | the building block of nucleic acids that consists of three parts: a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar |
| phosphate group | a chemical group that consists of phosphorous and sulfur that links the backbone of DNA together |
| prokaryote | a type of cell that does not contain membrane-bound organelles |
| recessive | a trait that can only be expressed if there are two copies of the same allele of the gene |
Created by:
atrang
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