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History of Drugs
Evolution and History of Medicinal Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pharmakon | early Greek, also meant magic spell, remedy, or poison |
| Ebers Payprus | Egyptian medical source compiled around 1550 BCE |
| Hippocrates | greek physician, first to propose disease caused by natural rather than supernatural causes, first to dissect the human body to study functions of specific organs |
| Galen | greek physician, believed disease caused by an imbalance of one of four "humors"- blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile |
| De Materia Medica | compiled by Dioscorides , scientifically described and classified 600 plants by substance rather than by the disease they were intended to treat |
| Bencao Gangmu | 16th century Chinese physician Li Shizhen compiled this resource, lists more than 1000 plants and 8000 recipes used in the treatment of illnesses |
| The Book of Life | hindu surgeon Sushruta wrote in 1000 BCE, medicinal work, divided into 184 chapters and contains descriptions of 1120 illnesses, 700 medicinal plants, 64 preparations from minerals, and 57 preparations from animal sources |
| Paracelsus | Swiss physician, 1493-1541, 1st to challenge teachings of Galen, denounced philosophy of humors in medicine and advocated use of individual drugs rather than mixtures or potions, concept continues on modern pharmacology |
| Dispensatorium | 1546, published by Valerius Cordis in Nuremberg, Germany, official listing, often referred to as a pharmacopoeia |
| pharmacology | the science of drugs and their interactions with the systems of living animals |
| apothecary | forerunner of today's pharmacist |
| US Pharmacopeia (USP) | 1820, first official listing of drugs in the United States, published by the Massachusetts Medical Society, approved with a national convention of physicians |
| Ignaz Semmelweis | 1847, helped reduce deaths from puerperal fever by requiring those entering maternity wards scrub hands first in chlorinated limewater |
| Joseph Lister | 1860s, introduced antiseptics into surgery with use of carbolic acid for cleaning instruments and suture materials |
| Paul Ehrlich | 1907, German bacteriologist, introduced arsphenamine, or Salvarsan, to treat syphilis, first chemical agent used to treat an infectious disease |
| Sir Frederick Banting | 1923, Canadian physiologist and his asst Charles Best, successfully extracted the hormone insulin from the pancreas to create the first effective treatment for diabetes |
| Prontosil | 1935, first sulfa drug, introduced by German Gerhardt Domagk |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | discovered penicillin 1945 at St Mary's Hospital in London |
| Contemporary pharmacy | science based on systematic research to determine the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of drugs |
| key pharmacology concept | drugs do not create new functions in the body, they only affect existing functions...so know normal lab values |
| pharmacist | licensed to prepare, sell, and dispense drugs and compounds, fill prescriptions, and advise patients and customers on proper usage |
| pharmacy technician | works under supervision of a licensed pharmacist, assist with activities not requiring the professional judgment of a pharmacist |
| APhA | American Pharmacists Association |
| ASHP | American Society of Health System Pharmacists |
| ICHP | Illinois Council of Health System Pharmacists |
| MPA | Michigan Pharmacists Association |
| NABP | National Association of Boards of Pharmacy |
| PTCB | Pharmacy Technician Certification Board. consists of APhA, ASHP, ICHP, MPA, NABP organizations; maintain a national certification program for technicians, develops standards and acts as nationally recognized credentialing agency |
| PTCB certification | recognized by all states |
| ExCPT certification | recognized by several states |
| assumed responsibility of certifying technician-training programs | ASHP |
| AAPT | American Association of Pharmacy Technicians, organized in 1979, run by volunteer pharmacy technicians |
| PTEC | Pharmacy Technician Educators Council, organized in 1989 by Don Ballington, Journal of Pharmacy Technology selected as its official journal, purpose is to share info among those who are teaching |
| NPTA | National Pharmacy Technician Association, founded in 1999, dedicated to advancing the value of the pharmacy technician and vital role they play in pharmaceutical care, publishes the magazine Today's Technician |
| first pharmacology text written especially for technicians | July 1998 at national meeting in Aspen, Colorado , introduced by Paradigm Education Solutions |
Created by:
ChemeketaPHM2021
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