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Biology Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific process steps | 1 state the problem. 2 propose a hypothesis. 3 test hypothesis. 4 record data. 5 analyze and conclude. |
| What is a compound light microscope | used to view tiny living organisms as well as preserved cells |
| How must specimen be prepared in order for you to view it on a compound light microscope? | small specimen is wet mounted on glass |
| How can you determine the magnification of the specimen being viewed on a compound light microscope? | Multiply the magnification of eye piece by the magnification of objective lense. |
| What is pH? | acidity of solution |
| pH of 1-6? | acidic |
| pH of 7? | neutral. water |
| pH of 8-14? | basic |
| An experiment calls for exactly 35mL of a solution. What piece of equipement should the student use to measure the liquid? | graduated cylider |
| Macromolecule Lipid | Building blocks fatty acid. function store energy. types fats, oils, waxes, steriods. |
| Macromolecule Carbohydrates | building blocks monosaccharides. function main source of energy. types simple and complex sugars. |
| Macromolecule Proteins | building blocks amino acid. function controls chemical reactions, fights disease, forms bones and muscles. types enzyme. |
| Macromolecule Nucleic Acid | building blocks nucleotide. function stores and transmits hereditary information. types RNA and DNA. |
| What is the function of an enzyme? | They lower activation energy required for reaction and bring reactants together. |
| What factors affect an enzyme? | pH acidity. temperature. alcohol level. |
| List 3 properties of water. | polar, hydrogen bonds, adhesion and cohesion (capillary action), heat capacity. |
| Describe the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. | Eukaryotes have a nucleus. |
| Cell membrane | controls what travels in and out of cell |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration. produces ATP. |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | pathway for molecules |
| golgi apparatus | processing, packaging, and secreting |
| lysosome | contains digestive enzymes |
| cilia and flagella | assist in movement of cell |
| nucleus | directs most of activities and contains most of cell's genetic information |
| cell wall | rigid structure in plant cells that helps maintain size and shape |
| vacuole | stores enzymes and metabollic waste |
| chloroplast | use light to make energy |
| pseudophobia | helps cell move |
| What are cellular membranes made of? | lipid bilayer. Their tails face each other. |
| What does the cellular membrane being selectively permeable mean? | It only allows non-polar molecules because the tails are non-polar so polar molecules are repelled. |
| What is osmosis? | The diffusion of water. |
| If a cell were placed into a salt solution, what would happen to the cell? | The salt would draw the water out of the cell so the cell would shrink. |
| If a cell were placed into tap water, what would happen to the cell? | The water would move into the cell so the cell would grow. |
| Hypotonic | More water outside cell, water moves into cell. cell grows. |
| Hypertonic | More water inside cell, water moves out of cell. cell shrinks. |
| isotonic | Water equal inside and outside cell. |
| How is active transport different from passive transport? | Active transport requires energy and it can move molecules against the concentration gradient |
| homeostasis | maintenance of stable internal environment |
| cell specialization | cell that only does one specific job. |
| Why is cellular respiration important to plant and animal cells? | It creates ATP (energy). |
| Name the organelle where cellular respiration takes place. | Mitochondria |
| Aerobic Respiration | with presence of oxygen. Pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 which produces ATP |
| Anaerobic Respiration | without presence of oxygen. lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation |
| chemosynthesis | converting energy stored in inorganic chemicals into organic compounds. photosynthesis with chemicals instead of sunlight |
| xylem | tubes in plants that carry water |
| phloem | tubes in plants that carry food |
Created by:
jumpthemoon
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