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Earth Science Ch 10

Atmospheric Water

TermDefinition
evaporation Liquid changes into a gas
Condensation A gas changes into a liquid
Vaporization Liquid changes to a vapor
boils Rapid vaporization of a liquid at its boiling point
freezes Liquid changes to solid
melts Solid turns into liquid
sublimation Solid changes directly into a gas, or vice versa
Dew point The temperature at which the relative humidity is 100%
cloud A mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in air
Adiabatic cooling Cooling of an air mass (without a change in the air mass’s overall thermal energy) by a reduction in atmospheric pressure and/or an increase in volume
Condensation nuclei Microscopic particles of material, such as salt or smoke, around which the tiny water droplets form
Freezing nuclei Small particles of clay or dust shaped like ice crystals
Supercooled water Cloud droplets that remain liquid even with very cold temperatures
fog The stratus cloud is so low that it touches the ground
drizzle Small droplets of rain falling slowly
Mares’ tails Cirrus clouds that are arranged in wispy streaks or bands across the sky
Mackerel sky Cirro- and altocumulus clouds that form in patterns that resemble the striped markings on the sides of a mackerel
Dew Water that condenses on a cool surface when air in contact with the surface cools to below its dew point.
frost The Ice crystals that sublimate on a cold surface when the film of air in contacts with the surface is cooled to a dew point below freezing.
coalescence Smaller pieces joining together to form a single larger mass.
Convection The process by which energy is carried from one place to another due to differences of density in matter. (ex
orographic The lifting of an air mass and resulting precipitation as it flows over a mountain.
front The boundary surface between two dissimilar air masses.
Frontal wedging Vertical Movement of a warm air mass due to a wedge of cold air moving in under it.
Convergence The collision of two or more air masses or winds at a single location.
Freezing rain Supercooled water that falls as rain and then freezes on the surface it contacts.
snow Frozen precipitation formed by the sublimation of water vapor onto freezing nuclei.
sleet Small frozen or partially frozen raindrops that form when rain falls through a layer of cold air.
hail Precipitation in the form of spheres or irregular lumps of ice.
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