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Biology Terms Ch 1
If you have Mr. Hays, you'll need these to pass the semester exam.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biology | The Scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment |
| Cell | In biology, the smallest unit that can pperform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have a nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Metabolism | The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of a constant interval state in a changing environment; a constant interval state that is maintained in a changing environment by continually making adjustments to the internal and exernal environment |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific heredity trait |
| Heredity | The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| Mutation | A change in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule |
| Evolution | A change in the characteristics of a population from one generation to the next; the gradual development of organisms from other organisms since the beginnings of life |
| Species | A group of organisms that are closely related and naturally mate to produce offspring, also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies |
| Natural Selection | The process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do |
| Ecology | The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that causes AIDS |
| Cancer | A tumor in which the cells begin to divide at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive |
| Cystic Fibrosis | A fatal genetic disorder in which excessive ammounts of mucus are secreted, blocking intestinal and bronchial ducts and causing difficulty in breathing |
| Gene Therapy | The replacement of a defective gene with a normal version |
| Observation | The process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using senses |
| Hypothesis | A thoery or explanation that is based on observations and that can be tested |
| Prediction | A statement made in advasce that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported; the expected outcome if a hypothesis is accurate |
| pH | A value used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; it is defined as the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration of hydronium ions; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of less than 7 is acidic, and a pH of greater than 7 is basic |
| Experiment | A procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth |
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