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Unit 7
AP Biology Unit 7 Vocabulary - Cruz-Matias
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | descent with modification |
| Evolutionary Fitness | organism's ability to pass down genes allowing survival and reproduction |
| Natural Selection | survival of the fittest, those that will live and reproduce |
| Selective Pressure | certain alleles to become more common in the population based on environment or other factors |
| Adaptive Radiation | adaptation of an organism which enables it to successfully spread, or radiate, into other environments |
| Biological Species Concept | species as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but are not able to produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other populations |
| Divergent Evolution | groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species |
| Gradualism | selection and variation that happens more gradually (slow) |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | The theory that species evolve during short periods of rapid change. |
| Reproductive Isolation | condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding |
| Speciation | the formation of new species as a result of change over time |
| Ecosystems | a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment |
| Extinction | erasure of a species |
| Niche | the role an organism plays in a community |
| Species Diversity | the number and relative abundance of species found in a given biological organisation |
| RNA World Hypothesis | life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could copy itself without help from other molecules |
| Convergent Evolution | The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment |
| Bottleneck Effect | Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions |
| Founder Effect | change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population |
| Genetic Drift | The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events |
| Mutation | a change in DNA sequence , could be good, bad, or neutral based on environment |
| Population | group of species |
| Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium | allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change. |
| Migration | long distance change in location |
| Null Hypothesis | he hypothesis that there is no difference between observed and expected data, differences are due to random chance |
| Fossil | remains of a species that went extinct |
| Isotope | atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Morphology | general aspects of biological form and arrangement of the parts of a plant or an animal |
| Vestigial Structure | remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species |
| Cladogram | a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms (last common ancestor) |
| Lineage | series of ancestors and descended populations |
| Molecular Clock | technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged |
| Out-Group | species from an evolutionary lineage that is known to have diverged before the lineage that contains the groups of species being studied |
| Phylogenetic Tree | branching diagram in which it represents the evolutionary history of a group of organisms |
| Phylogeny | study of evolutionary changes and relationships between organisms |
Created by:
bryann.c
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